- •Кафедра иностранных языков и культуры речи reading modern science английский язык
- •Agronomy unit 1
- •Active Vocabulary 1
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 1. Agronomist Career Outlook
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Active Vocabulary 2
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 2. Organic Farming
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •6. Retell the text “Agronomist Career Outlook”.
- •Active Vocabulary 3
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 3. Sustainable Agriculture
- •Active Vocabulary 4
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 4. What are Crops?
- •Unit II
- •Active Vocabulary 1
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 1. Changing climate changes soil
- •Active Vocabulary 2
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 2. Mighty river, mighty filter
- •Active Vocabulary 3
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 3. Potatoes wild with calcium
- •Active Vocabulary 4
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •Text 4. Not your grandfather’s cotton
- •Plant protection unit III
- •Active Vocabulary 1
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •Text 1.What is plant protection and why it is so important?
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •Active Vocabulary 2
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •Text 2. The process of plant protection
- •Active Vocabulary 3
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •Text 3. The main disciplines involved in plant protection
- •Active Vocabulary 3
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 4. The Aims of iapps
- •Iapps Activities
- •Integrated plant protection unit IV
- •Active Vocabulary 1
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 1. Competence area within integrated plant protection
- •Interdisciplinary strategy
- •Active Vocabulary 2
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 2. Competence area within integrated plant protection (continuation) Deep knowledge
- •Applied research
- •Active Vocabulary 3
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 3. About ippc
- •Active Vocabulary 4
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 4. General Principles Integrated Plant Protection
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •Horticulture unit V
- •Active Vocabulary 1
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 1 ‘Chili’ (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) pear fruit
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •Active Vocabulary 2
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 2. Apples
- •Health Benefits of Apples
- •Studies Done on Apple
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •Active Vocabulary 3
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 3. Evaluation of ‘Sun Protect’ in protecting apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) against sunburn
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •6. Retell the text “Evaluation of ‘Sun Protect’ in protecting apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) against sunburn”.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Active Vocabulary 4
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 4. A screening test for the determination of cut flower longevity and ethylene sensitivity of carnation
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •6. Retell the text “a screening test for the determination of cut flower longevity and ethylene sensitivity of carnation”.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Unit VI
- •Active Vocabulary 1
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 1. Evaluation of dormancy break in some selected peach (Prunus persica) cultivars
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Active Vocabulary 2
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 2. Testing the winter hardiness of selected chrysanthemum cultivars of Multiflora type
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Active Vocabulary 3
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 3. Effects of garlic genotype on cloves formation under in vitro conditions
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •6. Retell the text “. Effects of garlic genotype on cloves formation under in vitro conditions ”.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Active Vocabulary 4
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 4. Timer versus moisture sensor-based irrigation control of soilless lettuce: Effects on yield, quality and water use efficiency
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Agroecology unit VII
- •Active Vocabulary 1
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 1. Agroecology
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Active Vocabulary 2
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 2. The potential of agroecology to combat hunger in the developing world
- •Case studies
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Active Vocabulary 3
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 3. Agroecology and the design of climate change resilient farming systems
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Active Vocabulary 4
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 4. The effects of climate change on agricultural production
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Soil science unit VIII
- •Active Vocabulary 1
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 1. Soil chemistry
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •Active Vocabulary 2
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 2. Soil fertility
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •6. Retell the text “Soil fertility”.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Active Vocabulary 3
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 3. Soil fertility (II)
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Write the summary of the text above.
- •6. Retell the text “Soil fertility”.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Active Vocabulary 4
- •1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •2. Read the following text and say:
- •Text 4. A soil horizon
- •3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
- •Exercises
- •II. Define the function of the verb “to be”. Translate the sentences.
- •III. Determine in the sentence the verb expressing the obligation. Translate the sentences.
- •IV. Find the Present Participle in sentences, define its function. Translate the sentences
- •V. Define the Gerund in sentences, determine its function. Translate the sentences.
- •VI. Find the Infinitive in sentences, define its function. Translate the sentences
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to comparisons“the more… the better…”type
- •VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verb “to become”
- •IX. Find in the sentences Past Participle, define its function. Translate the sentences
- •X. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of the word “one”
- •XI. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of the word “since”
- •XII. Translate the sentences with the word “number”
- •XIII. Translate the sentences with the word “some”, “the same”
- •XIV. Translate the sentences with the word “as”
- •XV. Translate the sentences with the word “both” and “both … and”
- •XVI. Translate the sentences with the word “that”
- •Supplementary reading
- •1. Effects of some organic materials on bicarbonate extractable phosphate content of soils having different pH
- •2. Spatial variability of soil physical properties in a cultivated field
- •3. Geochemical pattern of soils in Bobovdol valley, Bulgaria. Assessment of Cd and Co contents
- •4. Dynamic surface soil components of land and vegetation types in Kebbi State Nigeria
- •Formulation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Crop Pest Control
- •Key Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of High Economic Importance in a Mediterranean Area
- •Effects of Insecticides Used against the European Corn Borer on Thrips Abundance on Maize
- •Management of Poppy (Papaver somniferum l.) Stand Height using Growth Regulators
- •Horticulture
- •2. The Meaning of Water Sprout on a Rose Bush
- •3. How to plant a fruit bush
- •4. When to plant tomatoes
- •Nitrogen in the Environment: Nitrogen Replacement Value of Legumes
- •Nitrogen in the Environment: Essential Plant Nutrients
- •Nitrogen in the Environment: Leaching
- •Nitrogen in the Environment: Mineralization — Immobilization
- •Future Challenges
Text 2. The process of plant protection
A fundamentally important starting point for plant protection is the ability to anticipate the emergence and spread of noxious organisms and to prevent their introduction and spread before they become agricultural pests in specific crops and regions. In this regard, international biosecurity measures and rapid and efficient sharing of information across continents and countries becomes of paramount importance for preventing new invasions.
In dealing with existing problems, the various steps in plant protection are quite similar to those of human medicine. The first step is to ensure a correct diagnosis of a problem has been made, which involves a proper identification of the organisms responsible for the damage symptoms observed. The legacy of classic taxonomy, anchored on world-wide collections of invertebrates, micro-organisms and plant collections, is the primary resource base for comparing collected specimens with referenced ones. Modern information technology and biotechnological tools have allowed the development of modern and time-saving field and lab identification tools for known threats which can be detected before they invade new areas.
The second step is to assess the extent of the damage and the yield or revenue loss likely to result from this damage, which enables the grower to make informed decisions on whether to invest resources in combating the pest.
If the farmer decides to take action to reduce pest attack, the third step is to consider the various options available for controlling pests, including host plant resistance, cropping system and cultivation practices that reduce pest populations, the conservation and introduction of antagonistic organisms, such as parasites and predators of pests, and active interventions through the application of chemically- or biologically-based pesticides.
These three steps that farmers take in deciding on their plant protection strategy is often supported by research and advisory organisations covering such disciplines as taxonomy, plant pathology, virology, entomology, weed science, nematology, biodiversity, and modern biotechnologies to socio-economic, rural anthropology and communication technologies.
3. Using the text above, finish the following sentences:
1) The various steps in plant protection are quite similar to…
2) Modern information technology and biotechnological tools have allowed…
3) The first step is…
4) The second step is…
5) The third step is…
6) If the farmer decides to take action to reduce pest attack…
7) These three steps that farmers take in deciding on their plant protection strategy are often supported by…
4. Answer the following questions:
1) What is a starting point for plant protection?
2) What are the various steps in plant protection similar to?
3) What have modern information technology and biotechnological tools allowed?
4) Describe the three steps of plant protection.
5) What disciplines support the plant protection process?
5. Write the summary of the text above.
6. Retell the text “The Process of Plant Protection”.
7. Translate from Russian into English:
1) Стадии защиты растений во многом схожи с процессом лечения человека.
2) Современные информационные технологии и биотехнологические приборы позволили разработать устройства, способствующие обнаружению угрозы растениям.
3) Первый шаг заключается в постановке диагноза и обнаружении организмов, отвечающих за выявленные симптомы.
4) Второй шаг заключается в оценке масштабов распространения угрозы вреда, наносимого растениям.
5) Третий шаг заключается в разработке и применении мер борьбы с сельскохозяйственными вредителями.