1.3. Stringed instruments active words

1. agent [‘eIGnt]	действующая сила
2. appealing [q’pJlIN]	трогательный, привлекательный
3. belief [bi’lJf]	убеждение, мнение
4. blend	сочетаться, гармонировать
5. bow [bou]	владеть смычком
6. color /colour [‘kAlq]	оттенок, цвет, краска
7. comprise [kqm’prQIz]	заключать в себе, охватывать
8. constitute [‘kOnstItjHt]	составлять
9. craft [krRft]	ремесло
10. craftsmanship	мастерство
11. decisive [di’sQIsIv]	имеющий решающее значение, решающий
12. denote [di’nout]	обозначать
13. emerge [i’mWG]	появляться
14. excitement [ik’sQItmqnt]	возбуждение, волнение
15. flexibility [,fleksI’bIlItI]	гибкость
16. genuine [‘GenjuIn]	подлинный, неподдельный
17. giant [‘GQIqnt]	великан, гигант, исполин
18. hammer [‘hxmq]	молоток, молоточек, ударник
19. incomparable [in’kOmpqrqbl]	несравнимый, несравненный
20. lustre [‘lAstq]	слава
21. pluck	щипать, перебирать струны
22. renowned [ri’nQund]	знаменитый, прославленный
23. soft	мягкий
24. stretch	натягивать /ся/
25. stroke	удар
26. subtlety [‘sAtlItI]	тонкость, нежность
27. tangible [‘txnGIbl]	ощутимый, осязаемый, реальный
28. unsurpassed [‘AnsW’pRst]	непревзойденный
29. varnish [‘vRnIS]	лак, покрытие
30. vibrate [vQI’breIt]	вибрировать, колебаться

Before you read the text

1. Memorize.

cello [‘tSelou]	виолончель
double bass [‘dAbl ‘beIs]	контрабас
harp [hRp]	арфа
harpsichord [‘hRpsIkLd]	клавикорд
lute [lHt]	лютня
oсtobass [‘Oktq,beIs]	октобас
pianoforte [,pjxnou’fLtI]	фортепьяно
viola [vi’oulq]	альт
violin [,vQIq’lIn]	скрипка
violino piccolo [vQIql’Inq ‘pIkqlou]	скрипка пикколо

2. Practise aloud.

produce – production, abbreviate – abbreviation, vary – variety, perfect – perfection, believe – belief, expressive – expressiveness, flexible – flexibility, able – ability, craft – craftsman – craftsmanship; color – coloristic, North – northern, beauty – beautiful, instrument – instrumental, tone – tonal

3. Pronounce correctly.

agent, group, family, guitar, piano, orchestra, position, tone, lyricism, ensemble, effect, type, period, centre, master, section, result, form, dramatic, dynamic, special, coloristic, singular, tonal, instrumental

4. Read the sentences and translate them paying special attention to the italicized words.

1. He plays in a chamber orchestra. 2. The glory of the Russian guitar began thanks to Andrei Sikhra. 3. She was interested in folk music to a great degree. 4. I am a member of a large family. 5. He is fond of listening to stringed instruments, particularly the violin. 6. As for me, I prefer classical music to pop music. 7. A nice garden surrounds the house. 8. There are six departments at our Institute in all. 9. He is believed to have been the greatest violinist of the 18th century. 10. It is untrue that the popularity of the balalaika goes down. 11. The Conservatory is a nucleus of cultural life in the city. 12. The Octobass is 13 feet in height. 13. I can’t distinguish these two instruments. 14. The sound of music attracted his attention.

5. Translate into Russian analysing the ing-form of the verbs.

1. The piano is producing nice sounds. 2. The strings are vibrating under her hands. 3. He is plucking the strings in excitement. 4. They are listening to the violinist with admiration. 5. Italy was famous for violin making. 6. The violin produces sound by bowing. 7. Each stringed instrument requires a particular method of playing. 8. Many masters dedicated their lives to perfecting the violin. 9. While organizing the string section of the orchestra you must remember the double bass. 10. Not knowing the secret of Stradivari we can't produce violins like his. 11. His singing blends well with the orchestra. 12. The balalaika can do justice to classical music, including even the most complicated works.

6. Look through text A and tell in a few words what it is about.

7. Read text A carefully.