- •Contents
- •Unit 2
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Tlie Budget, Taxes
- •Unit 4
- •International Organisations lex!, International Organisations 270
- •Unit 1
- •The Financial System
- •Unit 6
- •The World We Live In
- •1. The Social Profile and State Structure
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Notes on the Text
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar Presentation Герундий (The Gerund)
- •Перевод герундия на русский язык
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Learning English Abroad
- •Words you may need
- •Words and word combinations you may need
- •In England:
- •In Russia:
- •2. Are any of the sentences in 1 true for you or yt»ur friends? to admit
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Discuss the questions with jour partner, few
- •1. Complete these sentences witlu/еь'. A jew, many, much, Hale, a little, a lot of.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •1 Read Text в and give answers to the questions.
- •Grammar Presentation Модальный глагол should
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •I Любимцем
- •1. Translate into English:
- •3. Docs your university hold scientific conferences for students? If yes, comment on students' attendance.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. "Translate into English:
- •Defining Economics
- •Read for More Information
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Economics and Its Great Man
- •Grammar Revision Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •Words you may need
- •Activities
- •2. Asking the way
- •Role-play
- •Youth is the Prime Time of Life
- •Vocabulary List
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary List
- •Unit 2
- •I. Income and Spending
- •II. The Nation's Economy
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List
- •Income and Spending
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •I. Income and Spending
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Income, to get/to spend income Translate into English.
- •1. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List Text в Personal Expenditure
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Comprehension
- •Причастие (The Participle)
- •Формы причастия
- •I. Income and Spending
- •1. Income and Spending
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Income and Spending
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Comment on 2), 5), 6).
- •1. 'IVanslate into Russian:
- •2. Comment on Die above statements.
- •Text с Income Distribution
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •1 Read Text с and give answers to the questions.
- •Grammar Presentation
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Income distribution
- •Consumer Society
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Read for More Information
- •Explain the role of goldsmiths in the appearance of banknotes.
- •History of Money
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Translate the italicised sentence in writing.
- •Say what macroeconomics deals with. Macroeconomics
- •Grammar Revision
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Activities
- •Role-play Personal Budget
- •What Shall We Do Tonight?
- •Text On British Economy
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary List
- •The Nation's Economy
- •Interview with the Economist
- •Note on the Text
- •Role-play
- •L. Business and Government
- •II. The Budget. Taxes
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •1 Read Test a and give answers to the questions.
- •Употребление инфинитива Фирмы инфинитива
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •In a Library
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •I. Now say what you know about demand and supply.
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Make up sentences of your own using:
- •Factors That Affect Price
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Present Continuous
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Translate into English:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •1. Study the illustrative sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •1. 'Translate into English:
- •Words you may need
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •2. Лпчжт these questions:
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Develop 1) and 8).
- •The us Economic Sjstem
- •Read for More Information
- •Monopolies
- •How can monopolies be broken up? Competition
- •Renting a Car
- •Social English Booking Airline Tickets
- •Activities
- •At a Railway Station
- •Activities
- •Checking in at a hotel
- •Role-play
- •Imagine that students in an international student club are discussing lifestyles and living standards in their countries.
- •Text a The Budget
- •Text в Taxes
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •B) Taxation
- •C) Factors of Production
- •Starting a Career Text a Starting a Career
- •Unit 4
- •The Financial System
- •Comprehension
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •What professional qualifications, skills and personal characteristics should people in these jobs have?
- •Requirements:
- •McKinsey & Company is a leading international management
- •Technological and operating issues
- •If you meet these requirements,
- •2. Think of situations hi which you can use the above word combinations.
- •2. Do you agree with points 2) and 4)?
- •Interest; to be of interest, to arouse interest, to show an interest, to have (an) interest, to express (an) interest, to lose interest
- •1. Translate into Russian.
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •I» Complete the expressions using one verb for column л and one verb for column в and say who in your family makes/does the things.
- •Starting Work
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List Text в The Labour Market
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •1. Give derivatives of to compete. 1. Translate into English:
- •A. Office Problems
- •Text с Looking for a Job Abroad
- •Vocabulary List
- •Speech Patterns
- •Comprehension
- •2. Find in the text the sentence:
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •What do people regret most often?
- •1. Translate into Russian;
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Into Russian:
- •A Chronological Resume
- •Job Interview
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •Social English
- •Activities
- •Role-play Job Opportunities
- •Note on the Texl
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Text в The Stock Exchange
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •Note on the Text
- •A) The Central Banking System
- •B) The us Treasury
- •Unit 5
- •Text a Business Communication
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation Инфинитив в составе оборота
- •To announce to know
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •I. Business Communication
- •1. 'Irynskitc into Russian:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •2. Translate info English:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •I. Make your own sentences with the words which are frequently used wilh to draw up in the meaning "to prepare and write something" such as a document or a plan:
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •Words you may need
- •Text в Business Letter Writing Structure of a Business Letter
- •1. The letterhead
- •2. The date
- •3. Addressee's name and address
- •Courtesy titles
- •12. ЛюЬимцеоа
- •4. The salutation
- •5. The message
- •6. The complimentary close
- •7. Signature
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Как читать цифры и числа (How to Read Figures and Numbers)
- •1. Даты
- •2. Номера телефонов и факсов
- •3. Цифра "о"
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •The Internet in Russia
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Text с
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation Наклонение (The Mood)
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •2. Translate into English paying attention to except and besides,
- •Memorandum
- •Read for More Information
- •Write out from the text the sentences containing the passive voice. Explain the use of the forms.
- •Form verbs from the following nouns:
- •B. How to Report я Meeting
- •Look up (lie words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Fill each gap with a suitable word from ihe box.
- •Form nouns from the following verbs: м want, lo work, to aintrol, to use, to limit, to pay, in cover, to trade, to buy, to call.
- •Organising a Business
- •Interview with the Chairman
- •Activities
- •Role-play
- •The Lochshell Company ltd Minutes
- •Text Accounting and Auditing
- •Note on the Text
- •1 II is the process of capturing, processing, and communicating financial information.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Exercises
- •Accounting: Changes and Prospects
- •209 Unit 6
- •II. World Trends. Globalisation
- •Vocabulary List
- •Text a Modern World Economy
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •The Multinational Enterprise
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •I. The World We Live In
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Производные слова
- •Составные слова
- •1. Составные существительные:
- •2. Составные прилагательные:
- •1. Translate into Russian. Comment on 1), 2), 3).
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Words you may need
- •Interact V — взаимодействовать stream n — поток solid adj — твердый
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Answer the questions. Ask your classmates what they think about 2) and 3).
- •«Признавать»
- •Words you may need
- •Computers in Education
- •Inhabitant n - житель
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •Do you agree that computers pose a challenge?
- •Words and word combinations you may need
- •Find conditional sentences in the text. What types are they?
- •Economics and the Consumer Society
- •Activities
- •Role-play
- •Text a
- •Vocabulary List
- •The Global Economy
- •Scarcity
- •Role-play
- •I. The Social Profile and State Structure
- •II. International Organisations
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •(Продолжение)
- •2 (It не: one second) 4
- •Математические действия (Mathematical Operations)
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Give English equivalents to:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •6 Billionth Baby Born, But Birth Rale Slowing
- •5 Million Citizens
- •The British State System
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Local Government
- •Words you may need
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Words and word combination you may need
- •Translate the italicised sentence, underline the subject of Ihe sentence with one line and the predicate with two lines.
- •Explain (in writing) why America was and remains a mobile nation.
- •Pick out the sentences describing the American Dream. American Population
- •Great Britain
- •Word combinations you may need
- •Useful Language
- •Role-play
- •International Organisations
- •Text International Organisations
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •Артикль (The Article)
- •Нулевой артикль
- •Неисчисляемые сущестшггельные
- •Имя прилагательное (The Adjective)
- •Суффиксы прилагательных
- •Наречие (The Adverb) Степени сравнения наречий
- •Местоимение
- •It is on the table. Она на столе.
- •Числительное (The Numeral)
- •Местоимения much и many
- •Глагол (The Verb)
- •Основные формы неправильных глаголов
- •Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
- •Основные видо-времениые формы глагола
- •Directing the meeting and keeping order
- •Interrupting
- •Making suggestions
- •Returning to the topic
- •Expressing an opinion
- •It's Quite obvious t6 me...
- •Positive reaction
- •Mild disagreement
- •Assessing ideas (proposals, opinions)
- •.Литература
- •Начальный курс
- •214000, I. Смоленск, пр-г им. Ю. Гагарина, 2.
I. Income and Spending
61
Во множественном числе такие существительные могут упот ребляться для обозначения данной нации в целом. В этом слу чае перед ними стоит определенный артикль: the Russians русские (he Bulgarians болгары
the Norwegians норвежцы the Germans немцы
2. Прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на -se и -ss (Chinese — ки тайский, Swiss - швейцарский и т.д.), превращаясь в сущест вительные, употребляются со значением как единственного, так и множественного числа. Во множественном числе они не принимают окончания -s. Они могут употребляться также для обозначения данной нации в целом. В этом случае перед ними стоит определенный артикль:
a Chinese китаец Iwo Swiss два швейцарца
a Japanese японец the Chinese китайцы
a Swiss швейцарец the Japanese японцы
two Chinese два китайца the Swiss швейцарцы
two Japanese два японца
3. Прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на -sh и -ch (English - анг лийский, French - французский и т.д.), превращаясь в сущест- вигельные, употребляются со значением множественного числа для обозначения данной нации в целом. Перед ними в этом случае стоит определенный артикль:
the French французы the Dutch голландцы
the English англичане the Spanish испанцы
the Scotch шотландцы
Примечание: Когда речь не идет о нации в целом, употребляются составные существительные, образованные ил данного прилагательного и существительных man, woman, men, women:
an Englishwoman
англичанка a Frenchwoman француженка a Scotchwoman шотландка a Dutchwoman голландка
two Englishmen
два англичанина three Frenchwomen три француженки two Scotchmen два шотландца two Dutchmen два голландца two Spaniards два испанца
an Englishman
англичанин
a Frenchman
француз
a Scotchman
шотландец
a Dutchman
голландец
Но: л Spaniard
испанец, испанка
Обратите внимание, что предложения типа «Я - русский» переводятся: "I'm Russian" или "I'm a Russian". Однако предложения типа «Я не русский» чаще соответствуют предложению "I'm not Russian", а не "I'm not a Russian".
Grammar and Lexis
Ex. 1. Read the extracts from the US Budget for 2000 and comment on them.
A wide variety of Federal programs assist Slates and localities in providing essential education, training, employment and social services. These programs educate young people; offer (raining and employment services to all Americans, especially the low-skilled andjobless; assist the young and adults to overcome financial barriers to education and training.
The Budget:
significantly increases funds to help children of the poor reach good aca demic standards;
supports national legislation that would reduce tobacco use among the young;
helps the disabled enter the workforce;
makes it easier for the self-employed to gel health insurance;
broadens opportunities for private investment that creates jobs and helps the unemployed.
Ex. 1. a) It is believed thai there arc national stereotypes, i.e. people of one nationality have a number of similar personal qualities. Try to complete the sentences below using the suggested qualities, b) Compare your sentences with a partner.
The Italians are ... The Germans are...
The Americans are . The British are... The Russians are... The Dutch are... The French are...
highly mobile
optimistic
economical
thrifty (бережливый)
hard-working
money-minded
(dis)honest in money matters
Ex. 3. a) Study the plural expressions for the population as a whole and singular nouns used for persons in different countries which are usually the same as adjectives. However, there are a number of exceptions.
Nationalities
Country/Territory Person Population
America an American the Americans
Belgium a Belgian the Belgians
62
Unit 2
Country/Territory |
Person |
Population |
Britain |
a British person (Briton) |
the British |
Denmark |
a Dane |
the Danes |
England |
an Englishman/woman |
the English |
Europe |
a European |
the Europeans |
Finland |
a Finn |
the Finns |
France |
a French man/ woman |
the French |
Ireland |
an Irishman/woman |
the Irish |
Israel |
an Israeli |
the Israelis |
Italy |
an Italian |
the Italians |
Norway |
a Norwegian |
the Norwegians |
Poland |
a Pole |
the Poles |
Scotland |
a Scot |
the Scots |
Spain |
a Spaniard |
the Spanish |
Sweden |
a Swede |
the Swedes |
Switzerland |
a Swiss |
the Swiss |
The Netherlands/ |
a Dutchman/woman |
the Dutch |
Holland |
|
|
Turkey |
a Turk |
the Turks |
Wales |
a Welshman/woman |
the Welsh |
Write out the exceptions.
Add adjectives for the languages.
Translate into English.
Этот
художник - испанец.
Этот
экономист — шотландец.
Этот
музыкант - поляк.
Этот
финансист — швед.
Она итальянка. (2 варианта)
Он русский? - Нет, он не рус ский.
Этот спортсмен — датчанин.
Ex. 4. Practise these words and word combinations, finance(s)
I. Study the illustrative sentences.
Students must be taught how to kindle their finances.
He is now studying international banking and public finance.
The college was closed due to lack of finance.
Personal finances are how much money you have.
My finances are in a bad way now.
The present state of the country's finances is quite good.
1. Comment on 1).
63