1. Income and Spending

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to sit - silting; [q get - gelling,

to begin - beginning; to travel - travelling

3) если глагол оканчивается на -у, изменений не происходит; to study - studying; to play — playing.

Обратите внимание на форму Present Participle от следую­щих глаголов:

to die умирать ~ dying; to lie лежать - lying;

to tie связывать — tying. Примечание 2: Причастие входит в состав:

1) оборота "Объектный падеж с причастием настоящего вре­ мени»:

Т saw him running.

2) оборота «Объектный падеж с причастием прошедшего времени»:

I must have my luggage sent to the station, I want to have my hair cut.

3) самостоятельного причастного оборота.

Grammar and Lexis

Ex. 9. Write: a) past participles Гиг the following verbs: to represent, to spend, to buy, to do, to earn, to offer, to fall, to me, to create, to cause, to increase;

b) present participles for the following verbs: to produce, to buy, to do, to affect, to fall, to rise, to have, to analyse.

Ex. 10. a) Compare the sentences. Pay special attention to how the Russian participles are translated into English.

The students discussing their course papers with their professor are very excited.

The students discussing their course papers with their professor were very excited.

The students who discussed their course papers with their profes­sor have already left.

1. Студенты, обсуждающие кур­ совые работы с профессором, очень волнуются, (действие причастия одновременно с дей­ ствием глагола-сказуемого)

2. Студенты, обсуждавшие кур­ совые работы с профессором, очень волновались, (действие причастии одновременно с дей­ ствием глаголи-сказуемого)

3. Студенты, обсуждавшие кур­ совые работы с профессором, ужо ушли, (действие причас-

The students who had discussed their course papers with their profes­sor decided to publish the best papers.

тая предшествует действию глагола-сказуемого) 4. Студенты, обсуждавшие кур­совые работы с профессором, приняли решение опублико­вать лучшие работы, (дейст­вие причастия предшествует действию глагола-сказуемого)

Ь) ТгяпчМс into English and make sentences with the phrases.

1. люди, зарабатывающие деньги; деньга, заработанные людьми;

2. клиент, открывающий счет в банке; счет, открытый в банке;

3. покупатель, приобретающий товар; товар, приобретенный покупа­ телем;

4. покупатель, оплачивающий товар; товар, оплаченный покупателем;

5. лицо, берущее деньги взаймы; деньги, взятые взаймы;

6. лицо, погашающее ссуду; ссуда, погашенная клиентом.

Е\. П. a) Choose the most appropriate form of the participle, b) Say how the business started, c) Explain the success of the business.

Three years ago my aunt died ... (leaving/left) me some money in her will. I borrowed some money from my friend ... (promising/promised) to return it as soon as possible. I turned to the bank... (asked/asking) them to lend me some money. Besides, I had a saving account with the bank... (bringing/brought) me interest on my savings. The new shares... (offered/offering) to me by my agent gave me good results that year. The dividends ... (paid/paying) to me were more than 1 expected.

So having collected the money I was able to start my own husiness, mak­ing leather goods, 1 worked like a slave, but it was worth it. Now my business is doing quite well.

I'm competing quite successfully with other firms ... (established/estab­lishing) in the market. To be a success you must be ahead of your competitors. So I try to understand the people buying my leather goods and to study the market. 1 think that customers are always looking for new products... (based/ basing) on new technology. I'm sure 1 have the capability to produce the ... (needing/needed) product. Ex. 12. Practise these words and word combinations.

goods

(basic/consumer/day-to-day /durable /industrial/luxury /manufactured)

1. Most often goods are classified as consumer goods (basic, durable, non-durable, luxury) and industrial goods. Give examples of each class.

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Unit 2