- •Contents
- •Unit 2
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Tlie Budget, Taxes
- •Unit 4
- •International Organisations lex!, International Organisations 270
- •Unit 1
- •The Financial System
- •Unit 6
- •The World We Live In
- •1. The Social Profile and State Structure
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Notes on the Text
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar Presentation Герундий (The Gerund)
- •Перевод герундия на русский язык
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Learning English Abroad
- •Words you may need
- •Words and word combinations you may need
- •In England:
- •In Russia:
- •2. Are any of the sentences in 1 true for you or yt»ur friends? to admit
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Discuss the questions with jour partner, few
- •1. Complete these sentences witlu/еь'. A jew, many, much, Hale, a little, a lot of.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •1 Read Text в and give answers to the questions.
- •Grammar Presentation Модальный глагол should
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •I Любимцем
- •1. Translate into English:
- •3. Docs your university hold scientific conferences for students? If yes, comment on students' attendance.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. "Translate into English:
- •Defining Economics
- •Read for More Information
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Economics and Its Great Man
- •Grammar Revision Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •Words you may need
- •Activities
- •2. Asking the way
- •Role-play
- •Youth is the Prime Time of Life
- •Vocabulary List
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary List
- •Unit 2
- •I. Income and Spending
- •II. The Nation's Economy
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List
- •Income and Spending
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •I. Income and Spending
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Income, to get/to spend income Translate into English.
- •1. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List Text в Personal Expenditure
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Comprehension
- •Причастие (The Participle)
- •Формы причастия
- •I. Income and Spending
- •1. Income and Spending
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Income and Spending
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Comment on 2), 5), 6).
- •1. 'IVanslate into Russian:
- •2. Comment on Die above statements.
- •Text с Income Distribution
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •1 Read Text с and give answers to the questions.
- •Grammar Presentation
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Income distribution
- •Consumer Society
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Read for More Information
- •Explain the role of goldsmiths in the appearance of banknotes.
- •History of Money
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Translate the italicised sentence in writing.
- •Say what macroeconomics deals with. Macroeconomics
- •Grammar Revision
- •I. Income and Spending
- •Activities
- •Role-play Personal Budget
- •What Shall We Do Tonight?
- •Text On British Economy
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary List
- •The Nation's Economy
- •Interview with the Economist
- •Note on the Text
- •Role-play
- •L. Business and Government
- •II. The Budget. Taxes
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •1 Read Test a and give answers to the questions.
- •Употребление инфинитива Фирмы инфинитива
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •In a Library
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •I. Now say what you know about demand and supply.
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Make up sentences of your own using:
- •Factors That Affect Price
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Present Continuous
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Translate into English:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •1. Study the illustrative sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •1. 'Translate into English:
- •Words you may need
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •2. Лпчжт these questions:
- •1. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Develop 1) and 8).
- •The us Economic Sjstem
- •Read for More Information
- •Monopolies
- •How can monopolies be broken up? Competition
- •Renting a Car
- •Social English Booking Airline Tickets
- •Activities
- •At a Railway Station
- •Activities
- •Checking in at a hotel
- •Role-play
- •Imagine that students in an international student club are discussing lifestyles and living standards in their countries.
- •Text a The Budget
- •Text в Taxes
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •B) Taxation
- •C) Factors of Production
- •Starting a Career Text a Starting a Career
- •Unit 4
- •The Financial System
- •Comprehension
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •What professional qualifications, skills and personal characteristics should people in these jobs have?
- •Requirements:
- •McKinsey & Company is a leading international management
- •Technological and operating issues
- •If you meet these requirements,
- •2. Think of situations hi which you can use the above word combinations.
- •2. Do you agree with points 2) and 4)?
- •Interest; to be of interest, to arouse interest, to show an interest, to have (an) interest, to express (an) interest, to lose interest
- •1. Translate into Russian.
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •I» Complete the expressions using one verb for column л and one verb for column в and say who in your family makes/does the things.
- •Starting Work
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List Text в The Labour Market
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •1. Give derivatives of to compete. 1. Translate into English:
- •A. Office Problems
- •Text с Looking for a Job Abroad
- •Vocabulary List
- •Speech Patterns
- •Comprehension
- •2. Find in the text the sentence:
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •What do people regret most often?
- •1. Translate into Russian;
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Into Russian:
- •A Chronological Resume
- •Job Interview
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •Social English
- •Activities
- •Role-play Job Opportunities
- •Note on the Texl
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Text в The Stock Exchange
- •Note on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •Note on the Text
- •A) The Central Banking System
- •B) The us Treasury
- •Unit 5
- •Text a Business Communication
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation Инфинитив в составе оборота
- •To announce to know
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •I. Business Communication
- •1. 'Irynskitc into Russian:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •2. Translate info English:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •I. Make your own sentences with the words which are frequently used wilh to draw up in the meaning "to prepare and write something" such as a document or a plan:
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •Words you may need
- •Text в Business Letter Writing Structure of a Business Letter
- •1. The letterhead
- •2. The date
- •3. Addressee's name and address
- •Courtesy titles
- •12. ЛюЬимцеоа
- •4. The salutation
- •5. The message
- •6. The complimentary close
- •7. Signature
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Как читать цифры и числа (How to Read Figures and Numbers)
- •1. Даты
- •2. Номера телефонов и факсов
- •3. Цифра "о"
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •The Internet in Russia
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Text с
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation Наклонение (The Mood)
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •2. Translate into English paying attention to except and besides,
- •Memorandum
- •Read for More Information
- •Write out from the text the sentences containing the passive voice. Explain the use of the forms.
- •Form verbs from the following nouns:
- •B. How to Report я Meeting
- •Look up (lie words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Fill each gap with a suitable word from ihe box.
- •Form nouns from the following verbs: м want, lo work, to aintrol, to use, to limit, to pay, in cover, to trade, to buy, to call.
- •Organising a Business
- •Interview with the Chairman
- •Activities
- •Role-play
- •The Lochshell Company ltd Minutes
- •Text Accounting and Auditing
- •Note on the Text
- •1 II is the process of capturing, processing, and communicating financial information.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Exercises
- •Accounting: Changes and Prospects
- •209 Unit 6
- •II. World Trends. Globalisation
- •Vocabulary List
- •Text a Modern World Economy
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •The Multinational Enterprise
- •Word and word combination you may need
- •I. The World We Live In
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Производные слова
- •Составные слова
- •1. Составные существительные:
- •2. Составные прилагательные:
- •1. Translate into Russian. Comment on 1), 2), 3).
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Words you may need
- •Interact V — взаимодействовать stream n — поток solid adj — твердый
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar Presentation
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Answer the questions. Ask your classmates what they think about 2) and 3).
- •«Признавать»
- •Words you may need
- •Computers in Education
- •Inhabitant n - житель
- •Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary.
- •Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •Do you agree that computers pose a challenge?
- •Words and word combinations you may need
- •Find conditional sentences in the text. What types are they?
- •Economics and the Consumer Society
- •Activities
- •Role-play
- •Text a
- •Vocabulary List
- •The Global Economy
- •Scarcity
- •Role-play
- •I. The Social Profile and State Structure
- •II. International Organisations
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar Presentation
- •(Продолжение)
- •2 (It не: one second) 4
- •Математические действия (Mathematical Operations)
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •1. Give English equivalents to:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •6 Billionth Baby Born, But Birth Rale Slowing
- •5 Million Citizens
- •The British State System
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Local Government
- •Words you may need
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar and Lexis
- •Words and word combination you may need
- •Translate the italicised sentence, underline the subject of Ihe sentence with one line and the predicate with two lines.
- •Explain (in writing) why America was and remains a mobile nation.
- •Pick out the sentences describing the American Dream. American Population
- •Great Britain
- •Word combinations you may need
- •Useful Language
- •Role-play
- •International Organisations
- •Text International Organisations
- •Notes on the Text
- •Vocabulary List
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Exercises
- •Артикль (The Article)
- •Нулевой артикль
- •Неисчисляемые сущестшггельные
- •Имя прилагательное (The Adjective)
- •Суффиксы прилагательных
- •Наречие (The Adverb) Степени сравнения наречий
- •Местоимение
- •It is on the table. Она на столе.
- •Числительное (The Numeral)
- •Местоимения much и many
- •Глагол (The Verb)
- •Основные формы неправильных глаголов
- •Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
- •Основные видо-времениые формы глагола
- •Directing the meeting and keeping order
- •Interrupting
- •Making suggestions
- •Returning to the topic
- •Expressing an opinion
- •It's Quite obvious t6 me...
- •Positive reaction
- •Mild disagreement
- •Assessing ideas (proposals, opinions)
- •.Литература
- •Начальный курс
- •214000, I. Смоленск, пр-г им. Ю. Гагарина, 2.
Text On British Economy
The economy of Great Britain is based primarily on private enterprise. The private sector accounts for 82 per cent of output and 79 per cent of employment. Since 1979 the government has reduced the state-owned sector of industiy by about two-thirds under its privatisation programme. It believes that economic decisions are best taken by those competing in the marketplace and that its primary roles are to help keep inflation low, maintain sound public finances and create the right climate for markets to work better. Government programmes provide direct assistance or advice mainly to small and medium-sized businesses. Government economic policies are aimed at raising productivity', increasing employment opportunity for all, providing educational opportunity for all, abolishing poverty, delivering public services, and achieving rising prosperity.
In 2002 growth in the UK economy continued. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rose considerably.
Recent decades have generally seen' the largest growth in the service sector (finance, tourism, shipping and aviation) which now accounts for around two-thirds of GDP, compared with about one-half in 1950. Production of manufactured goods contributes less than one quarter of GDP, compared with over a third in 1950.
Employment has grown over this period at a high pace. At the moment the economy is seeing the longest period of low inflation since the 1960s.
In 2002 the Government investment rose by 15.4 per cent.
Notes on the Text
1 ... policies are aimed at raising productivity ... — ... политика нацелена на повышение производительности ... После глагола lo aim с предлогом at употребляется герундий.
К4
Unit 2
11. The Nation's Economy
85
Ex.
25.
Find
in the text English equivalents for the following Russian words and
phrases:
2
Recent
decades
have
generally
seen
.,.
- 13
последние
десятилетии, в общем, отмечается
...
Глагол
to
see
часто
переводится в подобных предложениях
русскими глаголами
«отмечать, регистрировать».
Ex.
26. a) Study the words which describe economic trends and tell us
"how much", "how
quickly/slowly", b) Make your own sentences with
them.
- adverbs
- sharply, dramatically, steadily, gradually, slowly,
substantially,
slightly,
suddenly, rapidly, abruptly.
For
example:
Costs
have risen sharply this quarter.
verbs
- to go up (down), to grow, to jump, to increase, to rise, to
improve,
to
fall, to drop, to decline, to decrease.
prepositions
used with %
— to,
by, at, from ... to.
For
example;
to
increase to ... % - увеличиться
до
... %',
to
rise from ... %
to
... % - вырасти
с
... %
до ... %;
to
increase by... % - увеличиться
на...
%',
to
stand at...
%
- быть
на уровне ... %,
Ex.
27.
Learn
the verbs most frequently used
in
newspapers.
Comprehension
Questions
What
is
the British economy based on?
How
does the government see its role in the UK economy?
What
is the policy pursued (проводимая)
by the government aimed at?
Did
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rise considerably in 2002?
What
sector of economy has grown particularly fast over the recent
de
cades?
How
do figures for manufacturing in 2002 compare with
(сравнивать)
those
in 1950?
What
trend (тенденция)
has been registered in employment over this pe
riod?
Does
the
Government control inflation?
Is
Britain attractive lo investors?Exercises
Vocabulary List
primarily
ailv—
главным
образом
private enterprise - частное предпринимательство
private sector - частный сектор
account (for) v - составлять
reduce v — сокращать
state-owned sector - тссектор
under its privatisation programme — в соответствии со сиоей программой приватизации
primary adj— имеющий первостепенное значение
maintain v - эА поддерживать
sound public finances - «здоровые» государственные финансы
right adj— верный, надлежащий, подходящий
direct assistance - непосредственная помощь
small and medium-steed businesses - малый И средний бизнес
economic policy — экономическая политика
aim (at) v - нацеливать, направлять
abolish v - уничтожать, отменять
poverty n — бедность
deliver v — поставлять, обеспечивать, снабжать
rising prosperity — растущее благосостояние
growth ii — рост
decade n - десятилетие
service sector — сектор усчуг
shipping n — перевозка грузоь
compared with - no сравнению с ...
production of manufactured goods — производство готовой продукции
at a high pace — бысгрыми темпами
investment n — инвестиции
— экономика базируется главным образом на ... ;
на частный сектор приходит ся ... % выпуска продукции;
сократить долю государствен ного сектора в промышленно сти в соответствии с програм мой приватизации;
принимать экономические решения;
- конкурировать на рынке; -сдерживать инфляцию на
низком уровне;
- поддерживать государствен ные финансы в «здоровом» состоянии;
believe, suppose, presume, predict - полагать, предполагать appear, turnout, prove-оказываться
estimate, calculate, count - подсчитывать
создавать необходимый кли мат;
оказывать содействие;
политика направлена на ... ;
поднимать производитель ность;
уничтожить бедность;
предоставлять услуги;
достигнуть благосостояния;
валовой внутренний продукт вырос;
рост и секторе услуг;
по сравнению с;
высокими темпами;
инвестиции выросли на ... %.
report, claim, announce - сообщать, объявлять consider - считать, рассматривать
expect - ожидать seem - казаться
86
Unit 2
П. The Nation's Economy
know (knew, known) - знать find (found, found) - находить think (thought, thought) - думать show (showed, shown) - показывать
assume, admit - принимать, допускать
recognise — признавать, узнавать
deny - отрицать say (said, said) - говорить
Ex. 28. a) Read Ihe text and translate it into Russian, b) Explain how the economy machine works.
