1. Read and translate the text “Types of Managers” Text b. Types of Managers

For classification purposes, there are three types of managers: first-line, middle, and top. These managers have different titles depending on the field or department in which they work.

First-line managers. Many first-line managers are called supervisors, although, depending on their specific jobs, they may instead have other titles such as foreman in a production plant, ward nurse in a hospital, or department chairperson in a university. First-line managers supervise employees and resources at the lowest levels of the organizational hierarchy. Much of their concern is with seeing that specific work assignments are carried out on time.

Most first-line managers concentrate on technical details, work quality, work quantity, employee job performance, and employee coaching and counseling. Robert Guest has reported that more than two-thirds of the activities of first-line managers consist of talking (46,6%) and looking (20,9%).

Middle managers. Middle managers function between first-line and top-managers. Their jobs vary according to their positions in the middle management ranks. For example, those who directly supervise first-line managers are more concerned with day-to-day activities than those who report directly to a top manager. The latter middle managers, in fact, often spend as much as 25 percent of their time away from the office working with clients, customers, and other key groups. In this regard, their work is similar to that of the top manager.

Much of the activity of middle managers is related to organizing and controlling resources. Middle managers participate in meetings with supervisors and other managers, handle paperwork, write reports, and carry out other activities designed to keep the organizational machine moving smoothly. J.H.Horne and Tom Lupton have found that middle managers spend more than half their time giving and seeking information (42%) and seeking and preparing explanations (15%). These managers concentrate on coordinating organizational activities.

Top managers. Top managers have many different titles. Some of the most common include chairman of the board, chief executive officer, president and vice-president in business firms; administrator and director in government and hospital organizations; and academic vice-president and dean in academic organizations. These individuals are the chief policymaking people in their organizations.

Planning is an important part of every top manager’s job. In fact, it usually takes more of the manager’s time than any other function. Top managers chart the overall course of action; the other managers follow through by organizing and coordinating the necessary activities (middle managers) and seeing that the final output is produced (first-line managers).

Vocabulary on the text.

administrator, n – руководитель, директор, управляющий

chairman of the board –председатель совета директоров

chart, v – составлять схему, определять

chief executive officer – главный исполнительный директор корпорации

coach, v – тренировать, подготавливать

counsel, v – давать совет, рекомендовать

course of action – образ действия

dean, n – декан

department chairperson – заведующий кафедрой

direct, v – руководить, управлять, направлять

director, n – директор, руководитель, начальник

field, n – область деятельности

first-line manager – руководитель низшего звена

middle ~ - руководитель среднего звена

top ~ - главный управляющий

follow through, v – завершать; развивать

foreman, n – мастер, прораб, бригадир

key group – ведущая (ключевая) группа,

president, n – президент, ректор

vice president – вице-президент, директор

rank, n – ранг, класс

smoothly, adv. –гладко, ровно

superior, adj. –высший, старший (по должности)

supervisor, n – инспектор, контролер

title, n – звание, название