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7. Insert prepositions.

a) 1. Activities involved … directing the flow … goods and services … producers … consumers is called marketing.

2. Individuals and groups obtain what they need … marketing.

3. Marketing is distinguished … other modes … obtaining desired goods.

4. Marketing is not confined … any particular type … economy.

5. Merchandising is concerned … promoting … the sale … goods and services … consumers.

6. Based … these criteria marketing can be a department … an organization.

b) … the moment we switch … the radio … the morning, … the time we set the alarm clock … night we are … constant contact … products and services that have been made available to us … then activities of marketers. The firms who have been most successful … gaining widespread customer acceptance … their products and services are invariably those who have accorded marketing a central role in their operations.

Marketing is not just a fancy word … selling or advertising. Whilst both of these activities are obviously important elements, they are actually only facets … a much broader process. The total marketing effort also involves assessing customer needs and carrying out market research, together … the development of the product and its pricing, promotion and distribution. For the marketing effort to be successful, all these factors need to be planned and coordinated as a whole.

8. In the text find the sentences containing a) Participle II and the Infinitive. Define their functions. B) Modal Verbs and their equivalents.

9. A) Translate the following sentences into Russian. B) Define the meaning and the role of the word ‘unless’ in the sentences.

1. Exchange cannot occur unless the parties are able to communicate about and to deliver what they offer.

2. Unless companies are engaged in product development, they won’t grow and make profit.

  1. You won’t be a good marketer unless you have a competent knowledge of marketing.

  2. We won’t be ready for the price up unless we change the strategy.

c) Make up similar sentences.

10. Match the words in the box with their definitions given below.

market, marketing, consumer, producer, exchange, goods, retailing, economy

1. the sum of activities involved in directing the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers;

2. public place where goods are exposed for sale;

3. person who uses goods;

4. a person who produces goods (contrasted with the consumer);

5. system for the management and use of resources;

6. selling (goods) usually in small quantities to the general public, not for resale;

7. movable property; merchandise.

11. A) From the text write out the definitions of:

  • marketing;

  • merchandising.

b) explain the difference between these notions.

12. Answer the following questions.

  1. What is marketing?

  2. What is marketing's principal function?

  3. When can the process of exchanging products and services occur?

  4. Is marketing a coercive process?

  5. What are other modes of obtaining goods?

  6. Is marketing confined to any particular type of economy? Why?

  7. What is merchandising?

  8. What forms can marketing take?