2. Give definition of human resource management.

3. Answer the questions.

1. What are the major activities of human resource management?

2. What does human resource planning deal with?

3. What is staffing?

4. What is training and development aimed at?

5. Enumerate the main phases of training.

6. What types of training programs are mentioned in the text?

7. How do organizations reward intrapreneurs and encourage work-force flexibility?

8. What are the major current employee issues?

1. Read text 2.

Text 2.

The Scope of Management.

Management in Profit-Seeking Organizations

When most people think of managers and management, they think of profit-seeking organizations. We used people like Donald Petersen of Ford and Jack Welch of GE as examples of managers. But we also mentioned examples from sports, religion, and other fields in which management is essential. Indeed, any group of two or more people working together to achieve a goal and having human, material, financial, or informational resources at its disposal requires the practice of management.

Large Business. Most of what we know about management comes from large profit-seeking organizations, because their survival has long depended on efficiency and effectiveness. Examples of large businesses include industrial firms (Tenneco, British Petroleum, Toyota, Xerox, Unilever, Levi Strauss), commercial banks (Citicorp, Fuji Bank, Wells Fargo, Chase Manhattan), insurance companies (Prudential, State Farm, Metropolitan), retailers (Sears, Safeway,), transportation com­panies (Delta Air Lines, Consolidated Freightways, Sohio Pipe Line), utilities (Pacific Gas & Electric, Consolidated Edison), communication companies (CBS, The New York Times Company), and service or­ganizations (Kelly Services, Kinder Care, and Century 21).

Small Businesses. Although many people associate management pri­marily with large businesses, effective management is also essential for small businesses, which play an important role in the country's econ­omy. In fact, most of this nation's businesses are small. In some re­spects, effective management is more important in a small business than in a larger one. A large firm such as NCR or Monsanto can afford to lose several thousand dollars on an incorrect decision, whereas a small business may ill afford even a much smaller loss.

International Management In recent years, the importance of inter­national management has increased dramatically. The list of American firms doing business in other countries is staggering. Ford, for example, did almost $8 billion in export trade in 1987. Other major exporters include General Motors, General Electric, Boeing, and Caterpillar Trac­tor. And even numbers like Ford's are deceptive. For example, the auto maker has large subsidiaries based in many European countries whose sales are not included in the $8 billion. And Boeing had over 40 percent of its total sales in 1987 outside the United States. Moreover, a number of major firms that do business in the United States have their head­quarters in other countries.