Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
гриф.doc
Скачиваний:
18
Добавлен:
01.05.2025
Размер:
1 Мб
Скачать
☆
  1. Give English equivalents.

область деятельности; мастер; давать совет; председатель совета директоров; завершать; составлять схему; непосредственно; походить (быть похожим); принимать участие.

  1. Give Russian equivalents.

department chairperson; specific work assignment; employee job performance; employee coaching; away from the office; in this regard; to keep the machine moving; it takes more time.

4. Match the words which are close in their meaning.

1. purpose

a. customer

2. different

b. objective

3. vary

c. various

4. client

d. take part

5. participate

e. differ

5. Match the words having the opposite meaning.

1. different

a. stop

2. first

b. unimportant

3. low

c. high

4. move

d. last

5. important

e. similar

6. Match the words to make a word combination.

1. specific

a. assignments

2. organizational

b. paperwork

3. spend

c. job

4. work

d. hierarchy

5. technical

e. time

6. handle

f. detail

7. A) Insert prepositions.

Individuals who make it … the top usually do so because they have been successful … the middle levels. Do these individuals have any characteristics … common? A Fortune magazine survey found they do. After surveying the chief executive officers … the 500 largest industrials, the magazine reported that almost half … these managers had a master’s or doctor’s degree and another 19 percent had done some graduate work. They typically had majored … business in undergraduate school and one-third had graduated business degrees. Most (84 percent) came … middle-class families and reported an average work week of more than 50 hours. Finally, the survey reported that there was no one road … the top … terms of functional area. Marketing, finance, and production all produced top managers, although marketing did produce the largest number, 28 percent, while finance produced 25 percent, and production 19 percent. The remaining 28 percent came … all other functional areas, including the legal field.

b) Answer the questions.

1. Who usually reaches the top of the hierarchy?

2. What are the common characteristics of top managers?

3. What functional areas do top managers come from?

8. Fill in the blanks with a word or word combination from the text.

1. Each organization can be represented as a three-story structure or... .

2. There are three general levels of management: top managers, ... managers and ... managers.

3. A top manager ... and ... the overall functions of the organization.

4. Top managers also ... the firm's strategy and define its major... .

5. A middle manager ... the strategy and major policies handed down from the top level of the organization.

6. Middle managers ... tactical plans, policies, and standard operating procedures.

7. They also coordinate and supervise the ... of first-line managers.

8. A first-line manager is a manager who ... and supervises the activities of operating employees.

9. First-line managers spend most of their time working with ..., answering questions, and ... day-to-day problems.

10.Operating employees are ... and non-qualified persons working for the organization, they represent the work force of the organization.