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Vocabulary on the text.

abstract, v – суммировать, резюмировать, абстрагироваться

ambiguity, n – неопределенность, неясность

assist, v – помогать, содействовать

balance, v – сохранять в равновесии, уравновешивать

coherent, adj – ясный, понятный

conceptual, adj – понятийный, концептуальный

conceptualize, v – выдвигать концепцию

confusion, n – беспорядок, неразбериха

external, adj. – внешний

frame of reference – точка зрения

identify, v – определять

in nature – по сути

integrate, v – объединять

intelligence, n – быстрое понимание, интеллект

negotiate with, v – вести переговоры, договариваться

organization’s course – образ действия

persuade, v – убеждать

procedure, n – методика проведения, технологический процесс

reason, v – доказывать, аргументировать

technique, n – технический прием, метод, способ

tolerance, n – терпимость

tool, n – инструмент

withstand, v – выдержать

2. Give English equivalents.

доказывать; по сути; вести переговоры; образ действия; точка зрения; концептуальный; направлять действия подчиненных; основная деятельность; абстрагироваться; умение правильно разбираться.

3. Give Russian equivalents.

in fact; to give the position; to supervise the work of others; to get the work out; in nature; long-range forecasting; the ability to withstand; coherent; frame of reference.

4. Match the words which are close in their meaning.

1. same

a. particular

2. vary

b. differ

3. ability

c. help

4. specific

d. identical

5. assist

e. capacity

5. Match the words having the opposite meaning.

1. lower

a. indefinite

2. same

b. upper

3. ability

c. obstruct

4. specific

d. different

5. assist

e. incompetence

6. Match the words to make a word combination.

1. managerial

a. effectively

2. requisite

b. hierarchy

3. human

c. skills

4. management

d. relations

5. direct

e. degree

7. A) Insert prepositions.

Many people like to describe the middle manager as a kind … politician. Situated … upper- and lower-level management, this individual takes top-management directives, turns them … operational plans, and passes them on ... the lower management … action. The middle manager must have all the human skills of a politician who is trying to balance the various needs or concerns of groups … different interests. No wonder one researcher has reported that some of the things middle managers want to learn more … include (1) how to relate … people in high-level positions; (2) how to acquire communication skills … a one-to-one basis, in oral presentations, in listening, and … obtaining information; (3) how to improve their skills … sizing up employees; (4) how to use time more efficiently; (5) how to become results oriented rather than activity oriented; and (6) how to deal … organizational politics.

b) Answer the questions.

1. Why is a middle manager called a kind of politician?

2. What skills does a middle manager need mostly?

3. What are the things a middle manager must learn more about?