8. Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following.

• instrument held in the hand(s) and used by workmen;

• 1) (potential) capacity or power (to do smth physical or mental). 2) special natural power to do smth well; talent;

• organized body of persons; organized system;

• statement that says in advance what is likely to happen;

• the power of perceiving, learning, understanding and knowing; mental ability;

• process of estimating, considering, forming an opinion about.

9. Read the text and formulate definitions of:

• technical skill;

• human skill;

• conceptual skill.

10. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. Who has identified three different kinds of managerial skills? What are they?

2. What does the degree of each skill depend on?

3. What is technical skill? Where is it particularly important?

4. Why is it important for a lower level manager to do technical work well?

5. What is human skill? Where is it of importance?

6. What is conceptual skill? Where is it most important?

7. What must top manager be able to do?

8. What are the abilities of top managers?

11. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.

1. The skills used at different levels vary.

2. Technical skills are particularly important at the upper levels.

3. A manager may direct the subordinates even if he does not know how the work is done.

4. An understanding of human relations is most important at the middle level of management hierarchy.

5. The job of middle managers is more technical in nature.

6. At the top level conceptual skill is of importance because it is necessary for long-range forecasting and planning.

7. Top manager must be able to balance the demands of organization with the demands of the external environment.

8. Conceptual skills include the knowledge of how the work is done.

12. Arrange the sentences according to the text.

1. Human skill is the ability of understanding of human relations and organizational behavior.

2. Tolerance, intelligence, judgment are the main characteristics of top managers.

3. Successful management requires different combinations of managerial skills at various levels.

4. Conceptual skills are of prime importance for top managers as they must balance the demands of the organization and the demands of the external environment.

5. Robert Katz suggested three groups of managerial skills: technical, human and conceptual.

6. Conceptual skill is the ability of long-range forecasting and planning organization’s activities.

7. Technical skill is the knowledge of how the work is done.

8. Managers can direct subordinates effectively and assist them when they have problems only if they themselves do technical work well.

9. The ability to negotiate with and coordinate the activity of others is of importance for middle managers.

13. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.

14. Say what you have learnt about the management skills at different levels of the hierarchy.