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Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова

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Часть I. Краткий фонетический справочник 6

Часть II. Грамматический практикум 27

Часть III. Тексты и упражнения для обучения чтению 173

Unit 1. Higher Education / Высшее образование 173

Unit 2. Accountancy Profession / Профессия бухгалтер 189

Unit 3. Banking. Accounting of a company / Банковское

дело. Бухучет на предприятии 201

Unit 4. Financial Statements and their elements /

Финансовая отчетность и ее элементы 212

Unit 5. Loan argument / Кредитное соглашение 228

Unit 6. Currency and share markets / Валютные

и фондовые рынки 243

Часть IV. Деловая корреспонденция 246

Часть V. Англо-русский толковый словарь

бухгалтерских терминов 293

Русско-английский толковый словарь

бухгалтерских терминов 362

Использованная литература 391

Часть I

Краткий фонетический справочник

ивиДИАЯ I АЫ1ИЦА Ч I СПИ>1 UUI JIAUHblA

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры
b	[b]		bus, but, about book, bed, bag, better, butter, b y, bad
bt	[t]	в конце слова	debt, doubt
c	[s]	перед е, i, у	face, city, cinema, cycle, since, ice, space, centre
	[k]	в остальных	cap, cat, cut, cry, copy, capital, come, close, clock
	[Л	перед безударной гласной	ocean, social, special, musician, ancient, racial
cc	[ks]	перед е, i, у	accept, success, accent, accident
cc	[k]	в остальных	occur, accord, accomplish, accumulate, occupy, occasion
ch tch	[tl]		chess, rich, cheese, chop, much, match, kitchen, watch, catch
ch	[k]	в словах греческого происхождения	school, architect chemistry character, archeology, technical
	[]	в словах французского происхождения	machine, machinery, machinist

Сводная таблица чтения согласных (продолжение)

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры
ck	[k]		black, sick, back, pack, neck, check
d	[d]		date, made, end, decide, old
d	[-]	перед согласными	grandmother, handsome, handkerchief
dg	[d]		bridge, knowledge, judge, siedge
f	[f]		five, if, finish, face, family
ften	[fn]		often, soften
g	[d]	перед е, i, у	page, change gymnasium, stage
g	[g]	в остальных случаях	go, get, green, grey, grow
gh	[-]	после au, ou и перед t	weight, eight, bought, brought, fought, daughter
gh	[f]	после au, ou	laugh, enough, cough
gn	[n]	в начале и в конце слова	foreign, sign, campaign
h	[h]		he, his, here, have, home, hundred
h	[-]	в начале и середине некоторых слов	hour, honour, honest, exhibition
j	[d]		just, major, object, subject
k	[k]		kill, keep, Mike, kitchen, like
kn	[n]	в началe слова	know, knee, knife, knock

Сводная таблица чтения согласных (продолжение)

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры
l	[l]		lake, late, light, listen, leg
l	[-]	в сочетаниях alm, alf, alk	talk, calm, half, chalk
m	[m]		miss, meal, seem, team, home
mb	[m]	в конце слова	climb, bomb
mn	[m]		autumn, column
n	[n]		never, number, nobody, next, notice
ng	[ч]	в конце слова	sing, song, interesting, thing
nk	[цk]		drink, bank, ink, tank, thank
p	[p]		pen, pencil, pupil, publish, top
ph	[f]	в словах греческого происхождения	phone, physics, philosophy, philologist, symphony, phase
qu	[kw]		queen, question, quick, quite, queue
qu	[k]	в словах французского происхождения	unique, technique
r	[r]		red, ready, rain, sorry, mirror, trip
s	[s]	в начале слова и после глухих согласных	see, sea, son, sun, stand, stop maps, cats, books, hats, caps
s	но: [J]		sugar, sure

Сводная таблица чтения согласных (продолжение)

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры
	[z]	после звонких согласных и гласных	pens, bags, days, girls, boys
		между гласными	these, cheese, please, nose, rose
ss	[s]		class, pass, success, kiss, miss
ss	[Л	перед безударными ia, io	Russian, Belorussian
ssion	[fn]		session, discussion, comission
sion	[зn]	в конце слова	decision, conclusion, revision, invasion
sure	[зd]		pleasure, treasure, leisure, measure
sh	[]		she, ship, fish, short
sc	[s]	перед e, i, у	science, scientist, scene, scenery
sten	[sn]		listen, fasten
stle	[sl]		whistle, wrestling
t	[t]		ten, twenty, table, sit, teeth
th	[и]		thing, thank, three, tooth
th	[р]		this, those, with, without, weather
tion	[fn]		demonstration, revolution dictation, translation, attention

Сводная таблица чтения согласных (продолжение)

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры
ture	[tʃd]		picture, future, lecture, culture nature, feature, furniture
v	[v]		live, leave, voice, move, vase
w	[w]		win, want, water, wind, twins
wh	[w]		when, where, why, what, which white, whisper, while
wh+o	[h]		who, whom, whose, whole
wr	[r]		wrong, write, writer, wrestling

ивиДИАЯ I АЬЛИЦА Ч I СПИл I JIAUMblA

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры	Исключение
a	[ei]	в открытом слоге	place, came, later	[ж] have, atom [e] any, many
	[ж]	в открытом слоге некоторых двусложных слов с буквой i в заударном слоге	habit, rabit, vanish
	[ж]	в закрытом слоге	land, fact, carry	[a:] example
	[o:]	перед i плюс согласная, кроме m, f	also, talk, salt	[ж] rally, shall

Сводная таблица чтения гласных (продолжение)

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры	Исключение
	[a:]	в некоторых словах перед n плюс согласная	answer, France can’t, chance demand
	[a:]	перед s, f плюс согласная	class, draft, ask last	[ж] classic, mass passive
	[ei]	перед ste, nge	taste, danger, change
	[a:]	перед th	father, path, rather	[ж] gather
	[o:]	после w, q u в открытом слоге и перед r	water, quarter, war	[ei] wage, wake wane
a	[o]	в закрытом слоге	was, want	[ж] wag, wax
ai, ay	[ei]		aim, aid, may, day	[e] says, said
air	[Sd]		air, pair, chair
al	[a:]	перед f, m	calm, palm, half
ar	[a:]	в закрытом слоге	car, part, garden
ar	[Sd]	в открытом слоге	care, careful	[a:] are
au, aw	[o:]		cause, law, pause	[a:] aunt
au	[a:]	перед gh(t)	laugh
augh	[o:]	перед t	daughter
e	[i:]	в открытом слоге	we, Pete, eve	[e] very, edit

Сводная таблица чтения гласных (продолжение)

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры	Исключение
	[e]	в закрытом слоге	get, settle, fell, egg
ea	[i:]	не перед d, th	tea, peace, meat	[e] deaf, heavy, peasant, weapon [ei] break, great
ea	[e]	перед d, th, 1th	bread, breath, dead, death, head, health	[i?] idea, real [i:] beneath, reath
ear	[id]		clear, hear, near
ear	[d:]	перед согласной	earth, heard, learn	[a:] heart
ee	[i:]		green, free
eer	[id]		deer, engineer
ei	[i:]	после с, s	ceiling, conceive
ey, ei	[ei]		convey, grey, they, obey, vein	[i:] key
eigh	[ei]		eight, neighbour	[ai] freight, height
er	[d:]	в закрытом слоге	term, person, emerge	[a:] clerk
er	[id]	в открытом слоге	here, tear, serious	[d:]were [Sd] there
eu,ew	[ju:]		Europe, feud, new
i	[ai]	в открытом слоге	fine, life, time	[i] give, live
i	[i]	в закрытом слоге	sit, little, written

Сводная таблица чтения гласных (продолжение)

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры	Исключение
i	[i]	в открытом слоге с i или у в безударном	civil, city, limit	[ai] tiny
	[ai]	перед ld, nd	bind, find, child, wild	[i] wind (ветер)
	[i:]	в словах французского происхождения	machine, police, prestige, regime
	[-]	после u	cruise, fruit, juice	guide, guilty
ie	[i:]	перед согласной	achieve, brief, chief	[e] friend
ig(h)	[ai]		sigh, high, night
ir	[d:]	в закрытом слоге	shirt, bird, firm
ir	[aid]	в открытом слоге (ire)	fire, tired
o	[ou]	в открытом слоге	no, note, home, open	[u:] do, move [o] gone, body
	[o]	в закрытом слоге	hot, bottom, horror
	[ou]	перед 1 плюс согласная	old, cold, folk, told
	[Л]	перед m, n, v, w, th	another, above, among, brother, come, done, govern, London, Monday, month, none, won

Сводная таблица чтения гласных (продолжение)

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры	Исключение
	[ou]	перед st	most, post	[о] cost frost
oa	[ou]		boat, coat, float	[o:] broad
oar	[o:]		board, coarse, hoarse
oi, oy	[oi]		boil, soil, boy, enjoy
oo	[u]	перед k	book, look, cook
oo	[u:]	в конце слова и перед i, m, n	too, tool, moon, soon
oor	[ud]		moor, poor
or	[o:]	в закрытом и открытом слогах	for, order, port morning
or	[d:]	после w	word, work, world	[o:] worn
ou, ow	[au]		round, sound, now
ou	[Л]	в некоторых словах, в том числе в словах французского происхождения	double, country couple, courage
ou	[u:]		group, rouble, soup
ou	[Л]	перед gh	enough, rough tough	[au] plough [ou] though
ou	[ou]	перед 1	poultry, shoulder

Сводная таблица чтения гласных (продолжение)

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры	Исключение
ough	[o:]	перед t	bought, brought
our, ower	[aud]		our, power
ow	[au]	в середине слова	down, now, town
ow	[ou]	в конце слова	grow, know, low
u	[ju:]	в открытом слоге	use, student, music future	[i] busy [Л] study
	[u:]	в открытом слоге после j, l, r	June, include, rule, true
	[Л]	в закрытом слоге current	bus, subject,
	[u]	в закрытом слоге после b, f, р	bullet, bush, full, pull, push, put
ue	[ju:]	в конце слова под ударением	blue, clue, due
ui	[ju:]		suit	suite [swi:t] [-] guide, guilty [ju:i] suicide, tuition
ui	[u:]	перед j, i, r	cruise, fruit, juice	[ui] ruin, fluid
ur	[d:]	в закрытом слоге	burn, curl, turn
	[jud]	pure, cure	pure, cure
	[ud]	в открытом слоге	sure, surely	[e] bury [e] bury

Сводная таблица чтения гласных (продолжение)

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Положения в слове	Примеры	Исключение
u	[-]	после g перед ударной гласной	guarantee, guard, guess, guide, guilty
y	[ai]	в открытом слоге	b y, type, cycle
	[i]	в закрытом слоге	myth, system
	[j]	перед гласной	yoke, beyond
yr	[d:]	в закрытом слоге	Myrch, myrtle
yr	[aid]	в открытом слоге	tyrant, tyre

EXERCISES

Spell the words.

what, young, chalk, page, switch, social, knife, what, quarter, union, why, parents, experiment, yesterday, pleasant, accept, space, keeps, exam.

Read the pairs of words, mind the stress.

noun	adjective
culture [’kЛlt/d r dl]	cultural [’kAlt/drdl]
economy [i:’kondmi]	economical [ikd’nomikal]
history [’histdri]	historical [his’torikdl]
policy [polisi]	political [pd’litikdl]
industry [’indAstri]	industrial [in’dstridl]
theory [’6idri]	theoretical [Bid’retikdl]

revolution [геvd’1u:ʃdn]	revolutionary [revo’lu’:ʃdnri]
nation [’nei/n]	national [’nжʃdn1]
verb	noun
export [iks’po:t]	export [’ekspo:t]
import [im’po:t]	import [’impo:t]
organize [’o:gdnaiz]	organization [o:gdnai’zeiʃdn]
demonstrate [’demdnstreit]	demonstration [demdns’treidn]
coordinate [kouo’dineit]	coordination [kouo:di’neidn]
illustrate [’ildstreit]	illustration [ilds’treʃdn]
integrate [’intigreit]	integration [intirgreiʃdn]

Translate the words.

see, reads, please, keeps, teacher, three, easy; space, climate, mice, guide, gate; general, guest, liquid, centre;
girl, third, turn, furniture, surname, learn; party, dark, morning, before; town, air, tired, here, chair;
chalk, which, who, wrong, know, phase, comb, science, listen, lecture, discussion, initial, Russian, bought chemistry.

Read the words with vowels in different positions.

	[ei]	[z]	[a:]	[Sd]	[d]
Aa	name	tram	hard	share	a’go
	late	map	dark	rare	a’bout
	game	stand	start	care	'sofa
	plane	plan	party	compare	a’bove
	fate	factory	farm	prepare	legal
	[i:]	[e]	[d:]	[id]	[i] [d]
Ее	see	get	her	here	be’gin
	we	egg	term	mere	re’turn

	be	fell	verb	sphere	'ticket'
	week	let	serve	material	sister
	repeat	ten	person	period	'absent
	[ai]	[i]	[d:]	[aid]	[i]
Ii/Yy	time	ill	sir	fire	'engine
	type	wish	bird	lyre	'sorry
	my	milk	girl	hire	'family
	fly	system	dirty	tired	'music
	fine	syntax	Byrn	satire	'public
	[ju:]	[Л]	[d:]	[jud]	[d]
Uu	use	under	burn	pure	sue cess
	student	fun	burst	cure	'difficult
	union	uncle	Turkey	during	u’pon
	human	butter	return	curious	'product
	pupil	supper	furniture	secure	'cucumber
	[ou]	[o]	[o:]	[o:]	[ou]
Oo	home	not	nor	more	to’mato
	hope	clock	North	shore	'photo
	note	fond	sport	explore	'metro
	nose	dog	lord	before	'negro
	smoke	shop	short	store	'zero
Compare the pronunciation of the vowels in the following.
[i:]	[i]	[i:]	[e] [i:]	[d:]	[e] [аг]
teen	tin	see	set we	were	men man
hear	hit	meat	melt see	sir	bed bad
beat	bit	meet	met team	term	send sand
peak	pick	read	red weak	work	lend land
seat	sit	lead	led niece	nurse	then than

[a:] [o:]	[a:]	[o:] [Л] [o:]
star store	sharp	shop sun song
far for	last	hot cut cot
mark more	heart	lost none non
park pork	clerk	clock dull doll
farm form	dark	front from
Compare the pronunciation of consonants in the following words.
[p] [b]	[k] [g]	[t] [d] [f] [v]
pea bea	crew grew	try dry few view
Pie buy	dock dog	true drew safe save
cap cab	pick big	late laid leaf leave
pride bride	come gum	set said knife knives
Practise the pronunciation of the following words.
a) [t] [р]	[v — w — w — v] [р z z р]
at — this	very — well	this is — is this
but — that	very — worried that is — is that
Just — this	win — victory there is — is there
what’s — this	wet — weather there was — was there

b) [s] [z] [iz]

[р s z и]

this is that thing

that is the truth

those three months

these thousands of thanks

Mike’s flat, student’s decision, students’ decision, accountant’s papers,

girl’s doll, engineer’s map, country’s flag, this year’s plan, people’s will, this family’s friends

Max’s books, Mr. Fox’s car, Mrs. Patch’s husband

[s] speaks, helps, sits, breaks, costs, eats, writes fights, keeps, makes, sleeps, translates

[z] reads, leaves, gives, goes, becomes, says, drives flies, knows, pays, spoils, sends, tells

[iz] teaches, freezes, kisses, discusses, loses, watches sneezes

c) [d] moved, solved, lived, smiled, played, seemed shaved, closed, answered, opened, considered, joined, enjoyed, carried, occupied, recognized, examined, organized, turned.

[id] translated, visited, waited, elected, consisted, studied, decided, intended, founded, wanted, crowded, surrounded, wounded, landed, included, greeted, reflected, represented.

[t] asked, worked, walked, helped, liked, missed, discussed, furnished, passed, reached, picked, published, announced, placed, developed, finished

Read the words. Mind their pronunciation, spelling and meaning.

lead — lid, seek — sick, feel — fill, leave — live, seat — sit, eat — it, lark — luck, dark — duck, charm — chum, pool — pull, fool — full, food — foot, chalk — chock, port — pot, court — cot, board — body, raw — wrong.
our — hour, peace — piece, cent — sent, knew — new, too -two, sea — see, there — their, whole — hole, fool — full, be — bee, flower — flour, week — weak.

Read the sentences several times. Mind the pronunciation of vowels and consonants.

Which is which?

We were very worried.

She was wearing silver ear-rings.

Where’s the railway timetable?

What are you waiting for?

Out of sight, out of mind.

Fight fire with fire.

It’s never too late to learn.

Never judge from appearances.

Read the following affirmative sentences with the proper intonation.

a) Is this a T pencil? 'Is this a T black pencil? 'Are 'these T pens? 'Are

'those 'pens T too? 'Is this T salt? 'Is there any T butter on the plate? 'Do you 'want to T eat? 'Have you ever 'been to St. T Petersburg? 'Did you 'come 'home T late yesterday?

b) A T picture, a T book and a T pen are on the T table. There is а t table, six T chairs and an T armchair in this room. I 'like to play t football, T Volleyball, T basketball and -l handball. In the T South I’ll T swim, 'lie in the T sun and 'play -l volleyball.

c) On the T wall opposite the T window 'there is a 'large -l map. On

the T shelves you can 'find many T books in 'all 'foreign -l languages. The T apples that are on the T plate are -l ripe. T Canada which is situ’ated to the 'North of T America is a -l big country.

Read the following interrogative sentences with the proper intonation.

'Is this a T bed or a -l sofa? Are these T books or -l notebooks? 'Is this a T good car or a -l bad car? Are these T big houses or -l small houses? 'Is the 'day T long or -l short? 'Is the 'school T new or 4-old? Is there a T TV set or a nI radio set in the room?
He is a I- foreigner, T Isn’t he?

You are I- not a Londoner, T are you?

Your 'friend has just 'returned from I- London, T hasn’t he?

You’ll 'do your nI best, T won’t you?

Read the texts with proper intonation.

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