Self-training Exercises

Exercise 1. Use the correct form of the Subjunctive in the Subordinate clause.

1. If I (know) his language, I would speak to him. 2. If you (like) cof­fee, I would make you some. 3. If you (see) him today, he would have told you the news. 4. If he (not to work) hard, he wouldn’t have made progress. 5. If I (be) you, I should act differently. 6. If you (speak) louder he would hear you. 7. If it (snow) tomorrow we should go ski­ing. 8. It is important that you (know) this.

Exercise 2. Use the correct form of the Subjunctive in the main clause.

1. If I were free tomorrow, I (go) to the concert.

2. If I knew that I (go) there immediately.

3. If I were in the Crimea now I (swim) in the sea.

4. If she had come to town yesterday, she (take) part in the — conference.

5. If you had apologized, she (forgive) you.

Exercise 3. Choose the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. I wish you (to stay) with us for some days. 1. will stay; 2. stayed; 3. had stayed.

2. She is afraid lest we (know) the truth. 1. can know; 2. know; 3. should know.

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3. Why didn’t you tell me about it before? I (to help) you. 1. should have helped; 2. helped; 3. could help.

4. I wish it (to be) winter now. 1. was; 2. were; 3. should be.

5. I wish I (to speak) French next year.

1. could speak; 2. had spoken; 3. should speak.

6. If I had met him, I (to invite) him to the meeting. 1. invited; 2. had invited; 3. should have invited.

7. He insists that they (to finish) this work today. 1. will finish; 2. should finish; 3. would finish.

8. If you had listened to the teacher, you (to answer) this ques­tion.

1. would answer; 2. should answer; 3. would have answered.

9. She spoke French as if she (to live) in France for a long time. 1. would live; 2. had lived; 3. has lived.

10. If he were not so absent-minded, he (to tell) you about it long ago. 1. would have told; 2. should tell; 3. told. The key: 1-2; 2-3; 3-1; 4-2; 5-1; 6-3; 7-2; 8-3; 9-2; 10-1. Exercise 4. Translate the answers to the following questions.

M o d e l: Why did you take a taxi? — Чтобы не опоздать. Lest I should be late.

1. Why did you close the window? — Чтобы ветер не разбил его.

2. Why did you mark this place in the book? — Чтобы не тра­тить напрасно времени, разыскивая его.

3. What do you want to leave her a message for? — Чтобы она не забыла позвонить мне.

4. Why do you want to ring her up? — Чтобы она не волновалась.

5. Why is he running? — Чтобы не опоздать на автобус.

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Exercise 5. Transform the sentences according to the model. Pay atten­tion to the difference of the forms expressing real and unreal conditions.

M o d e l: If I see him, I shall tell him about it.

1. If I saw him, I should tell him about it.

2. If I had seen him, I should have told him about it.

1. If you give me a dictionary I shall translate the text.

2. If it is hot in summer I shall spend my holiday in the Crimea.

3. If he is not at home I shall wait for him.

4. If she practises more she will make more progress.

5. If they have more money they will buy a new house.

Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. If he goes to University he will study foreign languages.

2. If I change my job I shall earn more money.

3. If the taxi arrives late they will miss their train.

4. If you drive fast we shall catch the plane.

5. If the weather were fine we would go to the country. If the weather had been fine we would have gone to the country.

6. You would not make mistakes if you knew the rule. You would not have made mistakes if you had known the rule.

7. If you take a taxi you would get to the airport in time. If you had taken a taxi you would have got to the airport in time.

8. It is necessary that you (should) train more.

9. It is desirable that he (should) apologize.

10. I suggest that we (should) go to the picture gallery.

11. I wish it didn’t rain.

12. I wish you didn’t ask me so many questions.

13. I wish you could forgive me.

14. I wish you had come to the party.

15. If I were you I would explain my position to her.

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Exercise 7. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Если бы вчера была хорошая погода, мы бы пошли на прогул­ку. 2. Если бы он не был так занят вчера вечером, он бы обсудил с вами план сочинения. 3. Если бы я увидела ее завтра, я бы спросила ее об этом. 4. Если бы он пришел, я был бы рад. 5. Я предлагаю, чтобы они обсудили эту книгу. 6. Никто не настаи­вает, чтобы вы участвовали в этих соревнованиях. 7. Мне хоте­лось бы знать этот язык. 8. Необходимо, чтобы он сдал экзамен. 9. Важно, чтобы студенты участвовали в научной работе. 10. Жаль, что ее нет сейчас дома. 11. Как бы мне хотелось, чтобы вы ус­пешно защитили диссертацию. 12. Олег говорит по-английски так, как будто он долго жил в Британии.