Неправильных глаголов

Infinitive	Past Simple	Participle II (Past Participle)	Перевод
be	was, were	been	быть
become	became	become	становиться
begin	began	begun	начинать (-ся)
break	broke	broken	ломать
bring	brought	brought	приносить
build	built	built	строить
buy	bought	bought	покупать
catch	caught	caught	ловить
come	came	come	приходить
cut	cut	cut	резать
do	did	done	делать
draw	drew	drawn	рисовать
dream	dreamed, dreamt	dreamed, dreamt	мечтать
drink	drank	drunk	пить
drive	drove	driven	ехать
eat	ate	eaten	есть
fall	fell	fallen	падать
feel	felt	felt	чувствовать
fight	fought	fought	бороться
find	found	found	находить
fly	flew	flown	летать
forget	forgot	forgotten	забывать

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(продолжение)

Infinitive	Past Simple	Participle II (Past Participle)	Перевод
get	got	got	получать
give	gave	given	давать
go	went	gone	идти
grow	grew	grown	расти
have	had	had	иметь
hear	heard	heard	слышать
hold	held	held	держать
keep	kept	kept	хранить
know	knew	known	знать
lay	laid	laid	класть
lead	led	led	вести
learn	learned, learnt	learned, learnt	учиться
leave	left	left	оставлять
lend	lent	lent	одолжить
let	let	let	позволять
lie	lay	lain	лежать
lose	lost	lost	терять
make	made	made	делать
mean	meant	meant	значить
meet	met	met	встречать
pay	paid	paid	платить
put	put	put	класть
read	read	read	читать

170

(продолжение)

Infinitive	Past Simple	Participle II (Past Participle)	Перевод
retell	retold	retold	пересказывать
ring	rang	rung	звонить, звенеть
run	ran	run	бежать
say	said	said	говорить
see	saw	seen	видеть
sell	sold	sold	продавать
send	sent	sent	посылать
set	set	set	устанавливать
show	showed	showed, shown	показывать
sing	sang	sung	петь
sit	sat	sat	сидеть
sleep	slept	slept	спать
speak	spoke	spoken	говорить
spell	spelt, spelled	spelt, spelled	произносить по буквам
spend	spent	spent	тратить
stand	stood	stood	стоять
take	took	taken	брать
teach	taught	taught	обучать
tell	told	told	рассказывать
think	thought	thought	думать
throw	threw	thrown	бросать
understand	understood	understood	понимать

171

(продолжение)

Infinitive	Past Simple	Participle II (Past Participle)	Перевод
upset	upset	upset	опрокидывать
wear	wore	worn	носить
win	won	won	выигрывать
write	wrote	written	писать

часть ш

Тексты и упражнения для обучения чтению

U n i t 1

HIGHER EDUCATION ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Topical vocabulary

academic	[жka’demik] а	академический
academic year		учебный год
accomodation	[d,komd’deidn] я	жилье
activity	[жk’tiviti] л	деятельность
admission	[ad’midn] n	прием
admit	[sd’mit] v	принимать
advice	[ad’vais] n	совет
advise	[sd’vaiz] v	советовать
age	[eid3] n	возраст
assistance	[ds’sist(d)ns] л	помощь
apply	[d’plai] (to) v	обращаться
appoint	[a’pomt] v	назначать
approach	[a’prout/] n	подход
award	[a’wo:d] v	награждать
broadcast	[′bro:dka:st] л	трансляция
chance	[tʃa:ns] л	шанс
chancellor	[tʃа:nsd1d] л	канцлер
choose	[tʃu:z] v	выбирать
chose, chosen
complete	[kdmp’li:t] v	завершать
consist	[kdn’sist] (of) v	состоять (из)

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convert	[kdn’vd:t] v	преобразовывать
correspondence	[.kons’ponddns] n	корреспонденция
education by		заочное обучение
correspondence
council	['kaunsl]	совет
course	[ko:s] л	курс (учебный)
curriculum	[ka’nkjulam] n	учебный план
extra-curricular	а	внеаудиторный
degree	[di’gri:] л	ученая степень, звание
Bachelor’s	[′bжtʃldz] degree	степень бакалавра
Master’s	[′ma:stdz] degree	степень магистра
Doctor’s	[′doktdz] degree	степень доктора наук
diploma	[di’pldumd] л	диплом
education	[,edju’keiʃn] n	образование
higher		высшее образование
education
secondary		среднее образование
education
enter	[entd] v	поступать (в)
To enter		поступить
the University		в университет
exam	[ig’zжm]	экзамен
(examination) л
to take exams		сдавать экзамены
to pass exams		выдержать экзамены
expand	[iks’pжnd] v	расширять
expensive	[iks’pensiv] а	дорогой, дорогостоящий
faculty	[′fжkdlti] n	факультет
fail	[feil] v	потерпеть неудачу
follow	[′foldu] v	следовать

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found	[′faund] v	основывать, создавать
gain	[′gein] v	достигать
graduate	[′gredjuit] n	выпускник
graduate	[′gredjueit] (from) v	заканчивать (вуз)
grant	[gra:nt] n	стипендия
grant	v	предоставлять
the humanities	[hju’mdnitiz] n	гуманитарные науки
independent	[,indi’penddnt] а	независимый
job	[dзob] л	работа
junior	['dзu:njd] а	младший
lecture	[′lektʃd] n	лекция
lecturer	[′lektʃrd] n	лектор
limit	[limit] v	ограничивать
lodging	[lodзц)] n	жилье
network	[′netwd:k] n	сеть
obtain	[db’tein] v	получать, достигать
philosophy	[fi’losdfi] л	философия
population	[,popju’leiʃn] л	население
postgraduate	(student) л	аспирант
private	[′praivit] а	частный
provide	[prd’vaid] v	обеспечивать
qualification	[,kwolifi’keidʃn] л	квалификация подготовленность
offer	[′ofd] v	предлагать
reach	[ri:tʃ] v	достигать
reason	[′ri:zn] л	причина
receive	[ri’sd:v] v	получать
postgraduate	[′poust’grsedjuit] а	аспирантский
recreation	[,rekri’eiʃn] л	отдых
represent	[,repri’zent] v	представлять

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research [ri’sd:tʃ] n научно-

исследовательская работа

responsible [ris’ponsdbl] (for) ответственный (за)

scientist [′saidntist] n ученый

BRITISH UNIVERSITIES

Task: ead the text and translate it in written form, for reference see Section 1

There are more than forty universities in Britain, of which 36 are in England, 8 in Scotland, 2 in Northern Ireland and 1 in Wales. The two oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. These date from the Middle Ages. Oxford is the oldest of these two universi­ties, it is more philosophical, classical, theological. The history of Ox­ford began in 1249, that of Cambridge — in 1348. Among the English universities Oxford and Cambridge have a special eminence, and they are different from the others.

England had no other universities, apart from Oxford and Cam­bridge, until the nineteenth century. The universities which were founded between 1850 and 1930, including London University, are known as redbrick universities (they were called so because that was the favourable building material of the time). They are in London, Durham, Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, Not­tingham, etc. The University of London is the largest of them. The di­vision between Oxford and Redbrick is sharp. The division is essen­tially a class one. Redbrick universities were built to provide a liberal education for the poorer boys and to technological training. Oxford and Cambridge graduates scorned them.

The universities which were founded after the Second World War are called «the new universities». They are in Staffordshire, Kent Es­sex, Lancaster, Sussex, York. Some of them quickly became popular because of their modern approach to university courses. All British Universities are private institutions. Every university is independent, autonomous and responsible only to its own governing council. Al-176

though they all receive financial support from the state, the Depart­ment of Education and Science has no control over their regulations, curriculum, examinations, appointment of staff, or the way they spend money. The number and type of faculties differ from university to university. Each university decides each year how many students it supposes to admit. The admission to universities is by examination or selection (interviews). The students receive grants. They have to pay fees and living costs1 but every student may receive from the local au­thority of the place where he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay lodging and food — unless his parents are rich, lost students take jobs in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside work during the academic session. Students who pass exami­nations at the end of three or four years of study get Bachelor’s de­gree. The first postgraduate degree is normally that of Master con­ferred for a thesis based on at least one year’s fulltime work. Universi­ties are centres of research and many postgraduates are engaged in research for higher degree, usually Doctorates.

The British government does not think to build more new univer­sities. There is a tendency to expand the older ones. The most inter­esting innovation is Open University.

N o t e s:
to pay fees and living costs		платить за обучение и жилье
		EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning, find
the stress.
history	'popular	phi’losophy	,techno’logical
course	'special	'interesting	e.xami’nation
session	private	se’lection	.inno’vation
interview	'normal	de’partment	,edu’cation
interview	'liberal	fi’nance	,uni’versity
centre	'modern	ma’terial	,insti’tution
faculty	'interesting	the’ology t	heo’logical

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Exercise 2. Memorize the following pairs of derivatives.

N Adj

finance — financial philosophy — philosophical theology — theological technology — technological history — historical education — educational difference — different independence — independent autonomy — autonomous

V N

divide — division educate — education found — foundation decide — decision regulate — regulation examine — examination appoint — appointment govern — government pay — payment

Exercise 3. Transform as in the models.

M о d e l 1: to educate people — education of people

to found the university, to regulate the studies, to examine students, to appoint the tutors;

M о d e l 2: degree of a bachelor — bachelor’s degree

degree of a master, life of the students, parents of students, the report of the scientist;

M о d e l 3: Department of Education — Education Department

centres of research, colleges of the University, history of Oxford, faculty of Law.

higher education private institutions university curriculum to receive grants local authority academic session to pass exams research centre

Exercise 4. Match English and Russian equivalents.

a. получать стипендию

b. местные власти

c. учебный триместр

d. сдать экзамены

f. высшее образование

g. научно-исследовательский центр

e. учебный план университета h. частные учебные заведения

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Exercise 5. Choose the right word.

1. Oxford is ... of all British universities.

a) the youngest; b) the oldest; c) the poorest.

2. All British universities are ... institutions. a) state; b) old; c) private.

3. The ... to the Universities is by examination or selection. a) admission; b) regulation; c) innovation.

4. Most students take ... in the summer for about six weeks. a) exams; b) job; c) accomodation.

5. The students ... grants.

a) spend; b) receive; c) pay.

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences.

1. The oldest Universities in Britain are ... . 2. There is a sharp divi­sion between ... . 3. New universities became popular because ... . 4. Every university is independent, and responsible only to ... . 5. Stu­dents who pass exams after three or four years of studies get ... .

6. There is a tendency to expand

Exercise 7. Insert the right word.

(British, Oxford, Britain, Oxford and Cambridge, Open University)

There are 47 universities in ... . The oldest universities are .... The his­tory of ... began in 1249. These two universities are different from all other ... universities. Redbrick universities were built to give techno­logical training. ... universities are private institutions, but they receive financial support from the state. The British government does not think to build new universities. The most interesting innovation is

Exercise 8. Mark the statements that are true.

1. All British universities are private institutions. 2. The admission to the University is by examination or selection. 3. The Department of Education and Science controls appointment of staff. 4. The number and type of faculties is the same at all British universities. 5. Students never work in summer, they work during the academic year. 6. The

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first postgraduate degree is that of Master. 7. Universities are centres of research.

Exercise 9. Answer the questions on the text.

1. How many universities are there in Great Britain? 2. What are the oldest British universities? 3. What Redbrick universities can you name? 4. Why did «the new universities» quickly become Popular? 5. All British universities are private institutions, aren’t they? 6. What university degree do you know? 7. Are universities centres of re­search?

Exercise 10. Make a short summary of the text. Do it according to the ′allowing plan.

1. The title of the text is ... .

2. The text is devoted to ... .

3. It consists of ... .

4. The first passage deals with.

5. The second (third, forth, etc.) passage deals with.

6. The main idea of the text is.

OXBRIDGE

Task: read the text; find the answers to the questions given below

Two universities, Oxford and Cambridge, Oxbridge, as they are sometimes jointly called, for seven hundred years dominated British education, and today they dominate more than ever. The students of Oxbridge make up one of the most elite elites in the world. Many great men studied here. Among them Bacon, the philosopher, Milton, the poet, Cromwell, the soldier, and Newton, the scientist. Many prominent Conservative and Labour leaders and ministers, members of the Royal family studied there too.

Today Oxford and Cambridge have less than one-tenth of all Brit­ish university students (less than 1% of Britain’s population). Only a

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small per cent of the candidates are chosen — mainly on the results of the written examinations.

The division between Oxford and Redbrick is sharp. The division is essentially a class one. A large per cent of Oxford undergraduates come from public schools. Only since the 1870s women have been ad­mitted and the women’s colleges constitute only 12% of the Oxbridge population.

Oxford and Cambridge preserve an antique way of life in the midst of the twentieth century. Oxbridge is only in session half the year. Both Oxford and Cambridge now consist of self-governing colleges where students live. The students have lectures and tutorials. Each student has a tutor who tells him to write papers on the subjects he is studying. Tutors are responsible for the students’ progress.

1. What universities dominate British education?

2. What universities dominate British education?

3. Who is responsible for the students’ progress?

4. Is the division between Oxford and Redbrick universities sharp?

THE OPEN UNIVERSITY

Task: read the text; get ready to render its contents in Russian

The Open University was founded in 1964 by the Labour Govern­ment for those people who, for some reason, had not had a chance to en­ter any of the other universities, especially those above normal student age. It takes both men and women at the age of 21 and over. No formal academic qualifications are necessary for entry to these courses, but the standards of its degrees are the same as those of other universities. The first course began in 1971, and in a decade the number of undergraduates reached 65 000. It’s a non-residential1 university. In teaching the univer­sity uses a combination of television and radio broadcasts, correspond­ence courses and summer schools, together with a network of viewing and listening centres2. Lecturers present their courses on one of the

181

BBC’s television channels and by radio. They have also produced a whole library of short course-books, which anyone can buy at bookshops. Stu­dents write papers based on the courses and discuss them with tutors at meetings or by correspondence once a month.

Degrees are awarded on the basis of credit3 gained by success at each stage of the course. Six credits are necessary for a BA degree4 and eight credits for a BA Honours degree. The time of staying on at the Open University is unlimited.

At the beginning of the 1990s some 150,000 students followed the Open University courses

N o t e s:

non-residential без постоянного помещения

viewing and listening centres видео- и аудио-центры

credit «успешно» (оценка за сданные

экзамены)

BA degree (Bachelor of Arts degree) степень бакалавра Делового

Администрирования

STUDENTS LIFE IN BRITAIN

Task: read the text and say, how students’ life is organized at British Universities

British Universities and colleges have Students Unions which are concerned1 with students life and studies. Unions have their Presi­dents, their role is basically to represent the interests of the students. Almost all power rests in the hands of the whole membership as ex­pressed at General Meetings. For practical Purposes the decision­making is delegated to Union Council.

Each Union Council has sub-committees each of which has the branch of overseeing a small area of the Union’s work. For example, Union Council of the University of Leeds has the Cultural affairs Committee, Executive Committee, Freshers Committee, Athletics Committee, House Committee, Overseas committee, Women’s Af­fairs Committee, etc. They help to settle various students’ problems

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in the academic year — with grants, accomodation, rents. They are also responsible for the coordination organization of extra-curricu­lar activities. If at any time a student needs advice, members of the Union Council will be glad to be of assistance. All these committees are open — any student may take part in the elections to them.

There are numerous societies working within university and col­lege Unions covering a wide range of interests and activities. The above mentioned Leeds University Union has 150 Societies of the fol­lowing categories: political, religious, national, cultural, recreational; among them Agricultural Society, Archaeology, Arts, Ballet, Biologi­cal, C.N.D, Chinese, Christian Unity, Computer, Film, Green, Law, Music, Vegetarian, Yoga, etc

N o t e s:
are concerned	зд. заботятся
rests in the hands	находится в руках
decision-making	принятие решений
overseeing	зд. наблюдение
freshers	первокурсники
overseas	зарубежные
the abovementioned	вышеупомянутый
C.N.D. (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament)	кампания за ядерное разоружение

LEXICAL-GRAMMAR TEST

Для того, чтобы выполнить контрольную работу, необходи­мо усвоить следующий грамматический материал:

1. Существительное. Число, падеж.

2. Местоимение. Личные и притяжательные местоимения.

3. Прилагательное. Степени сравнения.

1. Числительное. Порядковые и количественные числи­тельные.

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5. Глагол. Правильные и неправильные глаголы. Видовремен-ные формы английского глагола (действительный залог).

6. Словообразование. Основные словообразовательные суффиксы.

7. Структура предложения. Повествовательные, вопроси­тельные, отрицательные предложения. Оборот there is/are.

Exercise. Прочтите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следую­щие за ним.

Higher Education in the USA

Higher education in America is provided by colleges and universities. The main difference between a college and a university is that the latter is a collection of colleges each of which specializes in a different field

American colleges and universities are either private or public. There are nearly 1900 institutes of higher learning in

America. Roughly one-third are state institutions, 1,200 are pri­vate ones. Only about half of the school children graduate from school in America and receive a high school diploma. College Its getting more expensive every year. Not all American families lean afford uni­versities education.

The American high school offers a wide variety of courses. In the same school a student can specialize in economics, in chemistry and physics, Latin and humanities, or in automobile (mechanics. During the four-year high school program, the student studies four or five major subjects per year. In addition the students usually have classes in physical education, music and art. Thе first two years are a continua­tion of secondary education; then a student begins an intensive study of his special field. If a student fails a course, he repeats only that course and not the work of the entire year.

Students are classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors and sen­iors. A freshman is a first year student; a sophomore, a second year student; a junior, a third year student; and a senior, a fourth year stu­dent. All students who have graduated from the senior class and who continue studies at a university are classified as advanced students or graduate students.

184

At the conclusion of studies a college or university grants a I bach­elor’s degree; after one or two additional years of studies — a master’s degree. The highest academic degree is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). It may take a number of years to complete the original re­search work necessary to obtain this degree.

College prepares the student for two things: either graduate studies, leading to a master’s or doctor’s degree, or a job immediately after grad­uation. The majority of college graduates have to apply to public and pri­vate employment agencies to get any job, which is not an easy thing.

N o t e s:

provided by зд. осуществляется

Students are classified as ... Студентов подразделяют на ...

′either ... or либо ... либо

Exercise 1.

1. How many institutes of higher learning are there in America?

2. Are there private and state colleges in the USA?

3. Is education getting more expensive every year?

4. When does a student begin an intensive study of his special field?

5. The highest academic degree is PhD, isn’t it?

Exercise 2. Письменно переведите 2, 5, 6-й абзацы текста.

Exercise 3. По суффиксу определите и отберите: 1) существитель­ные; 2) прилагательные; 3) глаголы; 4) наречия.

education, difference, collection, specialize, different, American, nearly roughly, institution, expensive, addition physical, intensive, special, conclusion, additional, academic, immediately easy, employ­ment, criticize.

Exercise 4. Определите степени сравнения прилагательных.

the highest degree, the oldest university, the most interesting innova­tion, the poorer boys, a more difficult subject, a more philosophical college, the largest university.

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Exercise 5. Выпишите из 4-го абзаца порядковые числительные.

Exercise 6. Выпишите из 5-го абзаца существительные в притяжа­тельном падеже.

Exercise 7. Употребите местоимения в нужной форме.

Students’ councils are responsible for various activities. help to settle students’ problems. main role is to represent the interests of the students.

The Open University was founded in 1964. takes both men and women at the age of 21 and over. is a non-residential university. first course began in 1971.

Michael N. is a student. studies at the University. As a rule gets up at 7 o’clock. lessons start at 8.30. It takes 30 minutes to get to the Uni­versity.

Exercise 8. a) Поставьте глагол to be в нужной форме.

1. The university ... a collection of colleges. 2. The first two years at the University ... a continuation of secondary education. 3. A freshman ... a first-year student. 4. There ... no other universities in England, apart from Oxford and Cambridge, until the 19th century. 5. Universities ... centres of research. 6. Bacon, Cromwell, Newton ... Oxbridge students

b) Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

Exercise 9. Составьте предложения по модели, употребив оборот there is/are.

М о d e l: a tendency; to expand old universities; in Britain

There is a tendency to expand old universities in Britain

1. nearly 1900 institutes of higher learning; in America.

2. more than 40 universities; in Britain.

3. numerous societies; in British universities.

4. more than 150,000 students; at the Open University.

Exercise 10. Определите функции глагола to have в 3, 4, 6-м абза­цах.

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Exercise 11. a) Определите видовременную форму глаголов в сле­дующих предложениях; предложения переведите.

1. Each university decides each year how many students it suppos­es to admit. 2. College graduates have applied to a public employ­ment agency to get a job. 3. Many great men studied at Oxbridge. 4. In teaching the Open University uses a combination of televi­sion and radiobroadcasts. They have also produced a whole library of short course-books. 5. At any time a student needs advice, members of the Union Council will be glad to be of assistance. 6. College education is getting more expensive every year

b) Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

Keys: Exercise 4. 1-f, 2-h, 3-е, 4-a, 5-b, 6-c, 7-d, 8-g. Exercise 5. 1-b, 2-е, 3-a, 4-b, 5-b.

Образцы выполнения заданий

1. Поставьте глагол to be в нужной форме.

My friend ... in Мой друг был в Германии My friend was

Germany last year. в прошлом году. in Germany last year.

2. Определите видовременные формы глаголов в следую­ щих предложениях:

Many great men studied at Oxford. Много великих людей учились

в Оксфорде.

studied — Past Simple Active от глагола to study

Thе Olympics have been held this Олимпийские игры проводились

year. в этом году.

have been held — Present Perfect Passive от глагола to hold

3. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной видовре- менной форме.

Peter already (to finish) Петр уже закончил Peter has already

the first chapter of his первую главу finished the first chapter

thesis and now he (to диссертации и сейчас... of his thesis and now he

write) the second one is writing the second one

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has finished — Present Perfect Active от глагола to finish is writing — Present Progressive Active от глагола to write

4. Выберите нужное местоимение из данных в скобках

I haven’t got (some, I haven’t got any У меня дома нет книг

any) English books English books at home. на английском.

at home.

5. Подчеркните инфинитив, определите его форму и функ­ цию.

Не went to Paris to study art. Он поехал в Париж изучать

живопись.

to study — Simple Active, обстоятельство цели

6. Определите тип подчинения в следующих предложениях. В бессоюзных придаточных отметьте, где может нахо­ диться опущенный союз.

Here is the book so much spoken Вот книга, о которой так много

about. говорят.

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