Self-correcting Exercises

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the ways of ex­pressing subjects, predicates and adverbial modifiers.

1. I speak English.	Я говорю по-английски.
2. To read is useful.	Читать полезно.
3. It is useful to read.	Читать полезно.
4. They say it is useful to read.	Говорят, читать полезно.
5. One can read it in the library.	Можно прочитать это в библиотеке.
6. I do not speak English.	Я не говорю по-английски.
7. There are many books on the table.	На столе много книг.
8. My brother and I went home.	Мы с братом пошли домой.
9. These are pencils.	Это карандаши.

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Exercise 2. Find subjects and predicates.

1. My brother will go there next week. Brother, will go.

2. To smoke is harmful. To smoke, is harmful.

3. I am a student of the University. I, am a student.

4. Today we went to school by bus. We, went.

5. This is a very interesting story. This, is a story.

6. The book that lay on the table The book, was not mine. was not mine.

7. Russians are very hospitable. that, lay Russians, are hospitable.

8. It is necessary to know it. It, is necessary.

Self-training Exercises

Exercise 1. Point out subjects and predicates in the following sentenc­es. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The stadium was near my house.

2. Swimming in cold water is not very pleasant.

3. To rebuild the city after the war was one of the hardest tasks.

4. Nobody visited her last year.

5. A famous actor played the main part in this film.

6. It is raining now.

7. It was necessary to buy a return ticket.

8. One mustn’t be late for the lessons.

9. Three of the students got excellent marks.

10. Who has told you this?

11. The young ought to respect the old.

12. The wallet is mine.

13. The test is not difficult.

14. The weather seems to be changing.

15. He was seen crossing the street.

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16. I am to take 3 exams this winter.

17. He is the manager of the company.

18. She is known to be a good doctor.

19. They are likely to arrive tonight.

20. There are many shops in this street.

Exercise 2. Point out objects. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. We won’t go out unless it stops raining. 2. They climbed higher. 3. That is the only book by Tolstoy he hasn’t read. 4. I live in the house by the sea. 5. He asked me to open the door. 6. I called every morning to see if there was any news. 7. Their train arrives at 5. 8. I am too tired to go to the cinema. 9. It is too late for you to go there. 10. The keys to the boxes were lost. 11. One can daily see him in the bar.

Exercise 3. Point out attributes and adverbial modifiers. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. I am going to read the newspapers delivered.

2. Here is the document to be typed.

3. The problem being discussed is very important.

4. I read this article with great interest.

5. He told me about this tragic event at home yesterday.

6. He offered me a cinema ticket at the University yesterday.

7. We often come across this expression in business English.

8. He has sent me a few English books to read in my spare time.

9. She was reading a fresh newspaper sitting in comfortable chair. 10. Show me telegram received in the morning.

Exercise 4. Make up sentences observing the correct word order.

1. have, discussed, the problem, they.

2. In our, student, group, studies, this.

3. Examinations, June, will, take, students, the, next.

4. Now, am, at, I, the, lesson, English.

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5. Laboratories, are, at, there, many, the, University.

6. Go, Academy, the, to, every, o’clock, at, nine, morning, I.

7. Factories, furniture, produce, these.

8. December, the shortest, the 22nd, of, day, the, year, is.

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Вопросы подразделяются на общие, относящиеся ко всему предложению и требующие ответа «да» или «нет», специальные, к отдельным членам предложения, альтернативные и расчле­ненные. Основой для специальных вопросов служат общие.

Общий вопрос начинается с вспомогательных глаголов to be, have, will/shall, would/should, to do или с модальных глаголов в со­ответствующей форме.

Чтобы сформулировать общий вопрос, следует вынести вспомогательный глагол в начало предложения. Например:

I can swim. Can I swim? Yes, I can.

I will go home. Will I go home? Yes, I will.

They do not like ice-cream. Do they like ice-cream? No, they don’t.

Если вспомогательного глагола в предложении нет, то в начало предложения выносится глагол to do (does, did).

I liked ice-cream: liked — 1 л., ед. ч., Past Simple. Did I like ice-cream?

В ответе используется тот же вспомогательный глагол, что и в вопросе:

Will you go home? — Yes, I will.

Do you read books? — Yes, I do.

Can you swim? — Yes, I can.

Специальные вопросы (special questions) начинаются с воп­росительного слова (what, when, why, where, how, which, etc.), пос­ле которого сохраняется структура общего вопроса.

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Не writes a book. — Does he write a book?

Чтобы поставить вопрос к слову book используется слово what? (что?).

What does he write?

Исключение. Чтобы поставить вопрос к подлежащему, дос­таточно заменить этот член предложения на вопросительное местоимение who? (кто?) или what? (что?). Если смысловой гла­гол имеет форму настоящего времени, его надо поставить в форму 3-го лица единственного числа, т.е. с окончанием -s.

I write a book. — Who writes a book?

Альтернативные вопросы (alternative questions) фактически состоят из двух общих вопросов, связанных союзом оr. Второй из вопросов обычно неполный:

Does he write a novel or (does he write) a poem?

Ответ: Не writes a poem.

В устной речи весьма распространены расчлененные вопро­сы (disjunctive questions). Такой вопрос состоит из утвердитель­ного предложения, за которым следует краткий общий вопрос, соответствующий русскому обороту «не правда ли?», «не так ли?». Причем, если первая часть вопроса утвердительная, то вторая — отрицательная, и наоборот:

Не has a book, hasn’t he? — Не doesn’t like ice-cream, does he?

Чаще всего подлежащее второй части вопроса — местоиме­ние. Ответ требуется такой же, как и на общий вопрос:

Не is a student, isn’t he? — Yes, he is.