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8. Прочитайте та перекладіть тексти. Порівняйте системи охорони здоров’я в Украї-ні та Великобританії.

The state system of healthcare in Ukraine

Healthcare in Ukraine is funded almost entirely by general government revenues; this fund makes up 7.4 per cent of the fund. 3.2 per cent of the funds is made up by social insurance contributions from the wages of the employed and 3.3 per cent is funded by private clinics and their private patients. Dependant family members are covered by the contributions paid by employed family members. The unemployed, old age pensioners and people on long-term sickness benefit or maternity leave have to pay healthcare contributions but not as much as an employed citizen. Foreigners immigrating to Ukraine without jobs must procedure proof of private health insurance in order to obtain their residence permit.

If you are self-employed, you need to get additional insurance to cover members of your family and you must pay the full contribution to cover yourself.

The state fund covers most medical services including treatment by specialists, hospitalization, prescriptions, pregnancy and childbirth and rehabilitation.

Fees.

The state, in theory provides free healthcare for its citizens and long term residents who become ill; however this is a serious problem for many parts of the country. Doctor’s wages are extremely low and often ask for a fee. This makes healthcare difficult, as many citizens are on a low income.

Doctors and Health Centers

Doctors are known as a ‘likar’ and are the first point of contact with the Ukrainian health system. Citizens can register with the doctor of their choice, however, people seeking state medical care must make sure that their doctor is contracted into the health scheme. If you are treated by a doctor whether or not a doctor is covered by the state you will have to pay a fee.

Health protection in Great Britain

The chief Medical Officer for England has published a strategy for health protection and announced the formation of a new body, the Health Protection Agency, to deal with the threats to health from infectious disease, chemicals, toxins and radiation hazards. This reflects international recognition of the need to combat threats to health from the likes of tuberculosis, influenza, anti-microbial resistance, chemical accidents and bio-terrorism, and the risks to health associated with increased movements of people, animals and goods, climate change and industrialization. The strategy will strengthen surveillance and response linking contributions from clinical specialties with public health, microbiology, and toxicology and radiation science within the health protection family. The Agency will be formed by combining a number of national and specialist public bodies and personnel delivering local protection services. The strategy represents a unique opportunity to strengthen local and national structures and develop a world-class health protection service. Detailed plans are being developed by the Department of Health with a variety of stakeholders for the launch of the Agency in 2003. A number of challenges will have to be met including developing and training the workforce in health protection, providing career structures for public health scientists and nurses, strengthening electronic communications and developing health protection networks within broader public health structures. Health protection should now be recognized as a subspecialty of public health.