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2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст “Contract”

A contract forms the basis of a transaction between the Buyers and the Sellers. A contract is

an agreement made by two or more persons that is enforceable (здійсненний) by law. It consists of voluntary promises to do or not to do certain things. When people make a contract, their pro-mises become lagal obligations.

Contracts have traditionally been classified as bilaterial or unilaterial (двосторонній або од-носторонній), depending on whether one or both of the parties has made a promise. In unilateri-al contracts, only one party makes a promise.

A valid contract (чинний) is one that meets all the legal requirements for a contract. Valid contracts are, therefore, enforceable in court.

An unenforceable contract (договір, який не має законної сили) is one that meets the basic legal requirements for a contract but may not be enforceable due to some other legal rules.

Voidable contracts (оспорімий договір) are those in which one or more of the parties have the legal right to cancel their obligations under the contract. They are enforceable against both parties unless a party with the power to void the contract has exercised that power.

Void contracts (пустий договір) are agreements that create no legal obligations because they fail to contain one or more of the basic elements required for enforceability. A void contract is a contradiction in terms. It would be more accurate to say that no contract was created in such cas-es.

In an express contract, the parties have directly started the terms of their contract orally or in writing at the time the contract was formed. When the surrounding facts and circumstances indi-cate that an agreement has in fact been reached, an implied contract (непрямий договір) (also called a contract implied in fact) has been created.

A contract is executed (виконаний) when all of the parties have fully performed their contrac-tual duties, and it is executor until such duties have been fully performed.

As a rule the contract contains a number of clauses such as: Subject of contract; Price; Terms of payment; Delivery; Inspection and test; Guarantee; Packing and marking; Arbitration; Transport; Insurance; Other conditions.

The procedure of contract signing may be rather prolonged because it is often necessary to get signatures of contracting parties, rights proprietors, government bodies, giving allowance for a deal or agreement. That’s why you need to be ready to have a long – term correspondence.

3. Знайдіть у тексті англійські еквіваленти українським: листування, державні органи, в усній або письмовій формі, поставка, страхування, супутні факти і обставини, не можуть містити один або більше з основних елементів, правові нор-ми, повністю виконали свої контрактні обов'язки, дав обіцянку, предмет договору.

4. Прочитайте та перекладіть діалог:

Mr. Manson: Good afternoon, gentlemen. Mr. Parker, glad to see you again. Mr. Parker: Good afternoon, Mr. Manson. Good afternoon, gentlemen.

Mr. Manson: Well, Mr. Parker, let’s get down to our business. Mr. Parker: O.K. You are sure to get acquainted with our draft of the contract for buying your equipment. We’d like to know whether you agree with all the clauses of the contract. As soon as we make the final version of the contract we can sign it and come to practical implementation. Mr. Manson: I fully agree with you, Mr. Parker. I and my experts have thoroughly studied the clauses of the contract. Mr. Baretti, our sale manager, will speak about our proposals as to some alterations. Mr. Baretti: Thank you. Gentlemen, having analyzed the proposed draft contract and taking into account our methods of work, I’d like to stress the following. First, the price per unit of equip-ment also includes the price of all parts providing the efficient functioning of the equipment, as it is pointed out in the appendix to the contract. So the unit price will be $5,879 instead of $5,240 which changes the total contract price respectively. Mr. Parker: (Looking through the catalogue and appendix): Well, I think we are not going to have any problems with this. Mr. Hammer: (Buyer’s representative): I think the same, but I have a counter offer. As you are so strict on the quality of your equipment, couldn’t you prolong the guarantee period from 24 to 36 months? Mr. Baretti: Dear Mr.Hammer, the matter is that the 24 months period is our confirmed term. However, having analyzed all the data, we decided that we could meet your requirement. Mr. Hammer: Thank you. Mr. Manson: Are there any other points in the contract you’d like to clear up? Mr. Parker: No, I think we have settled all the points quite clearly. Mr. Baretti: If we come across any problems later, we shall solve them there and then. Mr. Parker: Fine. Then our contract may be prepared for signing. We’ll ask our experts and lawyers to do it. I don’t think it will takе them long to come up with it. Mr. Manson: All right, let it be so.

5. Знайдіть англійські еквіваленти даних слів та словосполучень. проект контракту; радий вас бачити; перейдемо до справи; бути впевненим; ознайомити-ся; нам хотілося б знати; згоджуватися; пункт контракту; як тільки; практичне здійснення; я цілком згоден; ретельно вивчати; управляючий службою збуту; підкреслювати; включа-ти; як зазначалось; додаток; проглядати; зустрічна пропозиція; дані; річ у тому, що, юрист.

6. Дайте відповіді на питання. 1) How did these businessmen start their conversation? 2) What did the buyer want to know? 3) When could they sign the contract? 4) What post does Mr.Baretti hold? 5) What did he stress in his speech? 6) Who has made a counter offer? What was it? 7) What is the confirmed term of the guarantee period? 8) How will other problems be settled? 9) Who will the contract be prepared for signing by?

7. Доповніть речення. 1) Let’s go down to ………………………………….. 2). Have you got acquainted with …………………….. 3) We’d like to know whether ……………………….. 4) As soon as we make the final version ……………... 5) We have thoroughly studied ……………………….. 6) I’d like to …………………………………………... 7) The price per unit of equipment …………………… 8) As you are so strict on ……………………………… 9) The 24 months period ……………………………… 10) Are there any other points of the contract …………