2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст “What Is International Trade?”

The basic idea of international trade and investment is simple: each country produces goods or services that can be either consumed at home or exported to other countries.

The main difference between domestic trade and international trade is the use of foreign cur-rencies to pay for the goods and services crossing international borders. Although global trade is often added up in U.S. dollars, the trading itself involves various currences. Japanese electronics are paid for in euro in Berlin, and German cars are paid in U.S. dollars in Boston. Indian tea, Brazilian coffee, and American films are sold around the world in currencies as diverse as Turkish liras and Mexican pesos.

Whenever a country imports or exports goods and services, there is a resulting flow of funds: money returns to the exporting nation, and money flow of funds: money returns to the exporting nation, and money flows out of the importing nation. Trade and investment is a two – way street, and with a minimum of trade barriers, international trade and investment usually makes everyone better off.

In an interlinked global economy, consumers are given the opportunity to buy the best products at the best prices. By opening up markets, a government allows its citizens to produce and export those things they are best at and to import the rest, choosing from whatever the world has to of-fer.

Some trade barriers will always exist as long as any two countries have different sets of laws. However, when a country decides to protect its economy by erecting artificial trade barriers (зве-денням штучних бар'єрів у торгівлі), the resul tis often damaging to everyone, including those people whose barriers were meant to protect.

The Great depression of the 1930s, for example, spread around the world when the United Sta-tes decided to erect trade barriers to protect local producers. As other countries retaliated (Як і інші країни прийняли відповідні заходи), trade plumered, jobs were lost, and the world enter-ed into long period of economic decline (економічний спад).

3. Дайте відповіді на питання до тексту: 1. What is the basic idea of international trade? 2. What is the main difference between domestic and international trade? 3. How can you consider trade barriers?

4. Прочитайте цікаві факти про міжнародну торгівлю. 1. International trade has increased so much as people talk about “globalization” of the world economy. 2. The balance of world trade is tipped in favour of the world’s richest contries and componies. 3. Just 200 huge multinational companies control much of world trade. 4. Just five countries – the USA, Germany, Japan, France and the UK – control half world trade. 5. The 30 richest countries control 82% of world trade. 6. The 49 poorest countries control just 2% of world trade. 7. The World Trade Organization was founded on Jan 1.1995 to police world trade, and to push for free trade. 8. With just 7% of the world’s population, the EU’s trade with the rest of the world accounts for around 20% of global exports and imports. 9. The EU was also the biggest exporter, accounting for 15.4% of all exports – compared with 13.4% for China and the 10.5% for the United States. 10. In 2011 EU-US trade climbed to $636 billion, a 14% rise on 2010. 11. China is now the EU’s 2nd trading partner behind the United States and the EU is China’s biggest trading partner. 12. The EU remains the world’s largest global player accounting for 16.4% of all global imports.

5. Прочитайте та перекладіть прислів’я та висловлювання про торгівлю. 1. A handful of trade, a handful of gold. ~ Dutch Proverb 2. Advertising is the mother of trade. ~ Japanese Proverb 3. Be not a jack of all trades, but a master of one. ~ Traditional Proverb 4. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover. ~ Mark Twain 5. Even a thief takes ten years to learn his trade. ~ Japanese Proverb 6. Every man to his trade. ~ Traditional Proverb 7. He who cannot speak well of his trade does not understand it. ~ French Proverb 8. He who does not teach his son a trade teaches him to steal. ~ Hebrew Proverb 9. Jack of all trades, master of none. ~ Traditional Proverb 10. Let every man practice the trade which he best understands. ~ Traditional Proverb 11. War is the trade of Kings. ~ John Dryden 12.Who is your enemy? A man of your own trade. ~ Spanish Proverb