- •Unit 1. The need for law
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Кодекс Хаммурапи
- •Vocabulary:
- •Solon (b. 630 — d. 560 b.C.)
- •Драконт
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Великая Хартия Вольностей
- •Unit 2: origins of the jury
- •Unit 3. Jury duty
- •The fear of jury duty
- •Jury service — an important job and a rewarding experience
- •Selection of the trial jury
- •1) Litigation — судебный процесс, спор, тяжба
- •2) Lawsuit — судебный процесс, судебное дело, иск, тяжба, правовой спор, судебный спор, судебное разбирательство
- •3) Suit — судебный процесс, иск, преследование по суду, судебное дело, судебная тяжба, судопроизводство
- •Присяга
- •The Jury in Britain
- •Unit 4. In the courtroom
- •Do's and don'ts for jurors
- •Unit 5. Steps of the trial
- •What happens during the trial
- •Прения сторон
- •Verdict
- •Unit 6. The value of juries
- •Words of Wisdom About Jury Service
- •Jury system reform defeaed in parliament
- •Unit 7: constitutional law of the united states and the united kingdom
- •"Outlines of constitutional law"
- •Constitution of the united states
- •Unit 8: police work in the united states and the united kingdom
- •Inspection Division
- •Police force in the united states
- •The work of militia
- •Unit 9: criminal justice process in the united states and the united kingdom
- •Probable cause and other levels of proof
- •Additional texts
- •The bells of the old baily
- •Criminal policy of the future
- •Unit 10: physical evidence
- •The Plot
- •The Suspects
- •1. Colonel Adams.
- •2. Miss Blake
- •Mr. Clarke
- •Trace evidence
- •Fingerprints
- •Crime scene and duties of a police officer at a crime scene
- •Fingerprints
- •Latent prints
- •Unit 11. The study of crime
- •Criminology
- •Cesare lombroso (1836—1909)
- •Преступниками рождаются или становятся? Преступность: врожденное и приобретенное.
- •Unit 12. Crimes and criminals Law Breakers
- •The causes of crime
- •Преступность и ее причины
- •Unit 13. Punishment
- •1) Связанный с применением наказания
- •2) Карательный, штрафной
- •From the History of Punishment
- •Unit 14. The purpose of state punishment
- •Treatment of criminals
- •Manslaughter
- •Crime of Passion
- •Assault
- •Shop-lifting
- •Unit 15. Capital punishment
- •Capital punishment: history
- •Financial Costs
- •Inevitability of Error
- •Barbarity
- •Deterrence
- •Тексты для дополнительного чтения и перевода Содержание:
- •Part I. Text 1: a glimpse of british political history
- •Text 2: the english political heritage
- •Text 3: the ideas of john locke*
- •Text 4: the legal heritage of france
- •Text 5: the roots of american government
- •Text 6: the indian self-government in north america
- •Text 7: government in the colonies
- •Text 8: colonial legislatures
- •Text 9: colonial self-government
- •Text 10: democracy
- •Text 11: elements of democracy
- •Text 12: characteristics of democracy
- •Text 13: the soil of democracy
- •Text 14: oligarchy
- •Text 15: autocracy
- •Text 16: the american civil service
- •Text 17: the origins of the civil service system
- •Text 18: the concept of bicameral legislature
- •Text 19: us congress rules
- •Text 20: lawmaking in the senate
- •Text 21: congress and the president
- •Text 22: voting in the usa
- •Text 24: rights and responsibilities of american citizens
- •Text 23: parties and party systems
- •Text 25: protecting the rights of the accused
- •Text 26: cruel and unusual punishment
- •Text 27: freedom of the press
- •Text 28: free press and fair trial
- •Text 29: freedom of speech
- •Text 30: freedom of religion
- •Text 31: mass media in a democratic society
- •Text 32: the pentagon papers*
- •Text 33: watergate
- •Text 34: legal and constitutional developments in britain
- •Text 35: charles I and the civil war
- •Text 36: the royalists and the parliamentarians
- •Text 37: the end of the civil war
- •Text 38: the history of speakership in britain
- •Text 39: the speaker of the house of commons
- •Text 40: the speaker's duties
- •Text 41: debate in the house of commons
- •Text 42: unparliamentary language
- •Part II: famous legal documents throughout history (extracts) text 1: Hammurabi's Code of Laws (1758 b.C.)
- •Text 2: The Laws of William the Conqueror (1066—1087)
- •Text 3: The Magna Carta (1215)
- •Text 4: The Petition of Rights (1628)
- •Text 5: The English Bill of Rights (1689)
- •Text 6: The u.S. Declaration of Independence (1776)
- •Text 7: The u.S. Bill of Rights (1791)
- •Text 8: European Prison Rules (1990s)
- •Part II. Philosophers of law text 9: Sir Thomas More, 1478—1535
- •Text 10: John Locke, 1632—1704
- •Text 11: Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu, 1689—1755
- •Text 12: Voltaire, 1694—1778
- •Text 13: Jeremy Bentham, 1748—1832
- •Part III. Notorious criminals text 14: Cain
- •Text 15: Marcus Junius Brutus, 85—42 b.C., Gaius Longinus Cassius, d. 42 b.C.
- •Text 16: Caligula, a.D. 12—41
- •Text 17: Colonia Agrippina, a.D. 16—59
- •Text 18: Guy Fawkes, 1570—1606
- •Text 19: Captain William Kidd, 1645—1701
- •Text 20: Alessandro Cagliostro, 1743—1795
- •Text 21: Billy the Kid (William Bonny), 1860—1881
- •Text 22: Jack the Ripper
- •Text 23: Roy Bean, d. 1903
- •Text 24: Butch Cassidy, 1866—1910 and the Sundance Kid, d. 1910
- •Text 25: Mata Hari (born Gertruda Margarete Zelle), 1876—1917
- •Text 26: Captain Alfred Dreyfus, 1859—1935
- •Text 27: Lizzie Borden, 1860—1927
- •Text 28: Dr. Hawley Harvey Crippen, 1882—1910
- •Text 29: Bonnie and Clyde (Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow), d. 1934
- •Text 30: 'Ma' Barker, d. 1935
- •Text 31: Bruno Hauptmann, d. 1936
- •Text 32: Hans Van Meegeren, 1889—1947
- •Text 33: Alphonse Capone, 1899—1947
- •Text 34: 'Lucky Luciano', 1897—1962
- •Text 35: Frank Costello, 1891—1973
- •Text 36: George Blake, b. 1922
- •Text 37: Lee Harvey Oswald, 1940—1963
- •Part IV. Famous detectives text 38: Father Brown
- •Text 39: Sherlock Holmes
- •Text 40: Ellery Queen
- •Text 41: Hercules Poirot
- •Text 42: Inspector Jules Maigret
- •Text 43: Perry Mason
- •Text 44: Bank Bobbers
- •Text 45: Muggers
- •Text 46: Thieves
- •Text 47: Escape Artists
- •Text 48: Shop-Lifters
- •Text 49: Robbers
- •Text 50: Burglars
- •Text 51: 'Miscellaneous' Crooks
- •Text 52: Outrageous Lawsuits
- •Список использованной литературы
1) Связанный с применением наказания
punitive article — статья, устанавливающая уголовную санкцию
2) Карательный, штрафной
punitive action — карательная мера, карательная акция
Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents:
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a) карательная мера b) карательное воздействие c) карательное правосудие d) карательное учреждение e) лишение свободы как кара за совершенное преступление f) уголовное законодательство g) уголовный закон |
Exercise 3: Complete the following text with the words and expressions from the box:
From the History of Punishment
felons; offender; beheading; adultery; pillory; punishment; execution; deliberately; condemned; ancient; medieval; guilty; legal; public |
For the most history ____1____ has been both painful and _____2_____ in order to act as deterrent to others. Physical punishments and public humiliations were social events and carried out in most accessible parts of towns, often on market days when the greater part of the population were present. Justice had to be seen to be done.
One of the most bizarre methods of ______3______ was inflicted in ancient Rome on people found ______4______ of murdering their fathers. Their punishment was to be put in a sack with a rooster, a viper, and a dog, then drowned along with the three animals.
In ______5______ Greece the custom of allowing a ______6_____ man to end his own life by poison was extended only to full citizens. The philosopher Socrates died in this way. Condemned slaves were beaten to death instead. Stoning was the ancient method of punishment for ______7______ among other crimes.
In Turkey if a butcher was found guilty of selling bad meat, he was tied to a post with a piece of stinking meat fixed under his nose, or a baker having sold short weight bread could be nailed to his door by his ear.
One of the most common punishments for petty offences was the ______8_______, which stood in the main square of towns. The ______9______ was locked by hands and head into the device and made to stand sometimes for days, while crowds jeered and pelted the offender with rotten vegetables or worse.
In ____10____ Europe some methods of execution were ____11____ drawn out to inflict maximum suffering. ______12______ were tied to a heavy wheel and rolled around the streets until they were crushed to death. Others were strangled, very slowly. One of the most terrible punishments was hanging and quartering. The victim was hanged, beheaded and the body cut into four pieces. It remained a _____13______ method of punishment in Britain until 1814. ______14______ was normally reserved for those of high rank. In England a block and axe was the common method but this was different from France and Germany where the victim kneeled and the head was taken off with a swing of the sword.
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING: Joseph Ignace Guillotin A doctor and member of the French Legislative Assembly, he suggested the use of the guillotine for executions in 1789. A physician and humanitarian, Guillotine was disturbed by vulgarity of public executions and petitioned for a single method of capital punishment to be used for all crimes demanding the death sentence. The guillotine consists of a heavy blade with a diagonal edge, which falls between two upright posts to cut off the victim's head cleanly and quickly. Similar machines had been used in various other countries including Scotland and Italy. The main idea was to make execution as quick and painless as possible. The first person executed by guillotine was the highwayman Pelletier in 1792, but the machine came into its own in 1793, during the Reign of Terror following the French Revolution, when aristocrats were guillotined by the hundred. The device was nicknamed 'Madame Guillotine' after its sponsor.
Charles Lynch Captain Charles Lynch, of Virginia, author of the infamous lynch law, will forever be linked with 'vigilante justice'. Lynch decided that he and his neighbours were too far from lawmakers and sheriffs to punish properly the vandals and robbers terrorizing the rural area. He encouraged the fellow citizens to sign a declaration he drafted, announcing the intention to 'take matters in their own hands'. "If they (criminals) do not desist from their evil practices, we will inflict such corporal punishment on them, as to us shall seem adequate to the crime committed or the damage sustained." Although the death penalty was not always exacted, in most cases the punishment turned out to be hanging. In addition to the fact that many innocent victims suffered lynching, a certain amount of guilt among the lynchers can be ascertained by the very technique for hanging criminals. Lynch and his cohorts practiced a form of passive hanging. A rope was tied around a tree and the condemned man placed on a horse with the other side of the rope strung snugly around his neck So the criminal was killed not by the captors tightening the noose, but the whim of the horse. When the horse moved far enough away from the tree, the rope choked the horseman. |