Useful terms and expressions

• melt-down – расплавление, зд. крах, кризис

• to subside – падать, убывать, понижаться

• to perk up – оживляться, расти

• to vault – перескакивать, перепрыгивать

Vocabulary practice

Определенную трудность при переводе представляют многозначные слова. Необходимо иметь в виду, что любое, казалось бы, хорошо знакомое слово в зависимости от контекста может иметь различные значения.

Exercise № 10

economy – 1) экономика, хозяйство 2) экономия 3) ВВП 4) экономическая держава 5) мн.ч. – страны

1. Translate the following word combinations into Russian.

global economy; market economy; advanced economies; fuel economy; emerging economies; industrialized economies; economies of scale; national economy; centrally planned economy; natural economy.

2. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. The nation's economy grew at a slower pace than previously reported in the first three months of this year, raising new concerns about economic weakness.

2. In 2011, China's economy grew by 9.2%, down from 2010's figure of 10.4% growth.

3. The average fuel economy of 2012 model year vehicles is 14 percent higher than the same mark of just four years earlier, according to a University of Michigan study.

4. In 2010 China shot past Japan to become the world’s second-largest economy (based on current market prices).

5. Real GDP in most rich economies is still below its level at the end of 2007. In contrast, emerging economies’ output has jumped by almost 20% over the same period.

6. The economy added 163,000 jobs in July as the unemployment rate rose to 8.3%.

7. Loans at very low rates from state-owned banks in Beijing, cheap or free land from local and provincial governments across China, huge economies of scale and other cost advantages have transformed China from a minor player in the solar power industry just a few years ago into the main producer of an increasingly competitive source of electricity.

8. Japan’s economy has expanded for four consecutive quarters, the longest run in more than three years.

9. China’s rise to become the world’s second largest economy was largely powered by cheap, dirty coal.

10. In the first quarter, Germany's economy shrank 3.8 percent as demand for its high value goods, such as cars and machinery, collapsed.

11. It is true that the fuel-economy program will be quite expensive, imposing annual costs of about $6.49 billion. Most of those costs will be borne by consumers, who will have to pay more for new cars.

12. Britain is set to drop out of the world’s five largest economies based on gross domestic product in nominal terms, according to International Monetary Fund estimates published this week.

Exercise № 11

Fill in the blanks with one of the appropriate words.

economy

economics

economies

Economic

economical

1. Chinese [_____________] growth has slowed, and there are growing fears that it could face a “hard landing”.

2. The most [____________] and carbon-friendly way to travel to Boston from New York is by train.

3. But the big question is whether these same [_____________] would apply in a world one hundred times richer than we are right now.

4. They have for many centuries been the highway of commerce, and afford a cheap and [_____________] means of transport.

5. "Destroying a rainforest for [_____________] gain is like burning a Renaissance painting to cook a meal."

6. Japan's [_____________] has dodged a recession after it grew faster than expected in the first three months of the year.

7. While the short-term performance of emerging [___________] has been abysmal, the longer-term returns tell a very different story.

8. Analysts remain concerned about the outlook for consumer spending, which accounts for about 60% of [___________] growth.

9. The most important general work published in English is Marshall's Principles of [______________].

10. Despite the [____________] crisis, Germany has grown, created more jobs, and reduced its national debt.

11. Other than aesthetics and [_____________], she had little idea what kind of vehicle she wanted.

12. In the following year he was introduced to political [___________] and studied Adam Smith and Ricardo with his father.

13. The Global Brand enables organizations to take advantage of [___________] of scale with regard to marketing investments.

14. Gross domestic product in the world's third-largest [__________] grew at an annualized pace of 1.7%.

15. It is easy to understand, therefore, why we trace the beginnings of [__________], so far as England is concerned, in the 16th century, and why the application of strict scientific tests in this subject of human study has become possible only in comparatively recent times.

16. Japan's [____________] had shrunk in the final three months of 2015, so the expansion in the first quarter meant it avoided falling into recession  usually defined as two successive quarters of contraction.

Exercise № 12

output – 1) выпуск, продукция 2) объем производства, добычи 3) выработка, мощность, производительность