- •Предисловие
- •Модуль «Введение в экономический перевод - 3» Цели и задачи:
- •Предметно-лексические темы:
- •Учебные материалы:
- •Виды упражнений и заданий:
- •Модуль «Введение в экономический перевод - 4» Цели и задачи:
- •Предметно-лексические темы:
- •Учебные материалы:
- •Виды упражнений и заданий:
- •Unit one key economic indicators
- •Active vocabulary
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Measuring what matters
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Visit http://moneyland.Time.Com/category/economics-policy/the-economy/
- •Behind the bald figures
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Translate the following word combinations into Russian.
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Translate the following word combinations into Russian.
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Translate the following word combinations into Russian.
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Describing graphs, trends, and changes
- •Adjectives and adverbs
- •Translation skills
- •Анализ структуры предложения и роль порядка слов при переводе
- •Перевод служебных слов
- •Ш. Особенности и трудности перевода английских газетных заголовков
- •Смешение книжной и разговорной лексики
- •Сокращения
- •Пропуск слова или выражения, не являющегося необходимым с точки зрения смысла, для усиления выразительности (эллипсис).
- •Временные формы глагола
- •Разговорно-фамильярный характер английских заголовков
- •Экспрессивность
- •Texts for oral translation
- •U.S. Industrial output falls, signals weak first-quarter gdp growth
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Greek economy keeps on crumbling
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Uk economic recovery to continue into 2016, forecasts oecd
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •China Inflation Rate Steady for Third Straight Month
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Indonesia first-quarter gdp growth disappoints, but recovery hopes intact
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •British manufacturing sees some green shoots in the face of external headwinds and ongoing export concerns
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •German Economy, Once Europe’s Leader, Now Looks Like Laggard
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Why recovery is now back in Vogue
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Texts for translation in writing
- •Rite of Spring: u.S. Economy Warms Up After Winter’s Chill
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Grossly Deceptive Plans
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Taking Europe’s pulse
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Consolidation
- •Vocabulary check
- •Topical vocabulary unit I
- •Описание тенденций, колебаний на рынке
- •Unit two the three sectors of the economy
- •Active vocabulary
- •Watch and listen.
- •Sum up the contents.
- •The Third Industrial Revolution
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Comment on the headline.
- •Read the article and find the words which match the definitions in the table.
- •Do the assignments that follow.
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •China Trumpets Its Service Economy
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Translation skills
- •Texts for oral translation
- •Will the u.S. See a Major Manufacturing Revival?
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •U.K. To End 300 Years of Deep Coal Mining as Prices Slump
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •What's going on in uk manufacturing?
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Us manufacturing: How did Indiana power a revival?
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •China services sector key to growth
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •U.S. Shale Producers Face Reality, Cut Output
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Is u.S. Manufacturing making a comeback — or is it just hype?
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Mining Collapse Cripples Africa’s Dreams of Prosperity
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Texts for translation in writing
- •The march of the zombies
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Less Growth Prompts First u.S. Services Job Cuts Since 2014
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Consolidation
- •Vocabulary check
- •Topical vocabulary unit II
- •Unit three the labour market
- •Active vocabulary
- •Watch and listen.
- •Sum up the contents.
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •United workers of the world
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Why Japan’s Economy Is Labouring
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Translation skills
- •Инфинитивная конструкция «сложное подлежащее»
- •II. Перевод сложных атрибутивных конструкций
- •Перевод служебных слов
- •Texts for oral translation
- •Winners and losers
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Where the jobs are
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Unemployed, and Likely to Stay That Way
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •European joblessness: Armies of the unemployed
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Texts for translation in writing
- •Morning in America?
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Generation jobless
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •At Last, a Proper Recovery
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Heating up
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Consolidation
- •Vocabulary check
- •Revision (Units I-III)
- •Topical vocabulary unit III
- •Unit four
- •International Trade
- •Active vocabulary
- •Watch and listen.
- •Sum up the contents.
- •Boxed in
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Goodbye Doha, Hello Bali
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Translation skills
- •Абсолютная причастная конструкция
- •Перевод служебных слов
- •Причастия в функции союзов и предлогов
- •Перевод предложений, подлежащее которых выражено неодушевленным существительным, а сказуемое – глаголом, выражающим чувстВо
- •Texts for oral translation
- •An Island of Traders
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Eu Berates China over Steel Subsidies
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Euro-mPs Vote to Extend Sugar Quotas
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Chasing the anti-China Vote
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Texts for translation in writing
- •Uk Trade Deficit Shows Little Improvement
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Fears of a Hard Landing
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •China Dispute Hits Japanese Exports
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •China Trade Suffers on Global Fears
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Made in Britain
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Consolidation
- •Vocabulary check
- •Topical vocabulary unit IV
- •Unit five market structure and competition
- •Active vocabulary
- •Watch and listen.
- •Sum up the contents.
- •Match the terms with appropriate definitions
- •Fill in the gaps with the words/word combinations from the table (use the correct grammar form)
- •What's so bad about monopoly power?
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Summarise the author's arguments against market concentration. Are there any benefits? Can the process be prevented? What solution does the author advocate?
- •Emerging market multinationals eclipse competitors
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •While reading the article find the words that match the following definitions.
- •Tesco: How one supermarket came to dominate
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Make up a list of strategies that ensured Tesco’s success in the uk market.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Translation skills
- •Модальные глаголы can, may, must
- •Перевод служебных слов
- •Texts for oral translation
- •Uk manufacturers fear lagging behind global competition
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Food producer insolvency triples amid supermarket price wars
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •IPhone se sales may be cannibalizing others
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •GoPro faces tough competition as consumers spend less on cameras
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Texts for translation in writing
- •Big switch
- •Increasing competition is shaking up a moribund energy market
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •How Competition Strengthens Start-ups
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Canadian retailers closing amid intense competition, failure to adapt to market
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Global competition drives change
- •Useful terms and expressions
- •Consolidation
- •Vocabulary check
- •Revision (Units IV-V)
- •Topical vocabulary unit V
- •To compete
- •PRaCtice tests quiz (20 minutes)
- •Final Test (90 minutes)
- •Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product Grows 4.73% in Third Quarter
- •Exam Card
- •Критерии оценки знаний и компетенций на устном экзамене и зачете
- •Критерии оценки письменной работы
- •Классификация ошибок Перевод экономического текста на русский язык
Translation skills
Модальные глаголы can, may, must
Помимо своих основных значений, эти модальные глаголы могут выражать предположение, основанное на той или иной степени уверенности. Самая сильная степень уверенности выражается модальным глаголом can, послабее must, и самая слабая степень уверенности передается глаголом may.
Can – 1. Основные значения: а) способность или умение совершить действие; б) возможность совершить действие; в) разрешение или запрещение. 2. В значении предположения can переводится словами «возможно», «может быть». Его отрицательная и вопросительная формы выражают сомнение или удивление и переводятся словами «не может быть, чтобы»; «неужели» соответственно.
A closer look at the figures suggests that the shift in economic power from West to East can be exaggerated.
Более внимательный анализ данных дает основание предположить, что смещение центра экономического влияния с Запада на Восток, возможно, преувеличено.
Could – передает меньшую степень уверенности в предположении или сомнении.
May – 1. Основные значения: а) возможность совершить действие; в) разрешение или запрещение. 2. В значении предположения may переводится словами «возможно», «может быть».
The dollar continued to rise for the first three weeks of the year but then the tide turned: since January 20th, the currency has fallen by 3.8%. The main reason may be a perceived shift in Fed policy.
На протяжении первых трех недель этого года курс доллара продолжал расти, но затем в этой тенденции произошел перелом, и с 20 января курс доллара уже снизился на 3,8%. Возможно, основной причиной стало ожидаемое изменение политики ФРС.
Might – указывает на меньшую уверенность в предположении.
Кроме указанных значений модальные глаголы could и might могут выступать в качестве вспомогательных глаголов в сослагательном наклонении.
Government spending and investment could boost domestic demand, but governments in the euro zone remain committed to a course of austerity.
Государственные расходы и инвестиции могли бы стимулировать рост внутреннего спроса, но правительства стран еврозоны по-прежнему привержены курсу на ограничение бюджетных расходов.
Модальные глаголы can, could, may и might могут употребляться в сочетании со словом well, означающим «вполне», «с успехом».
A price of $50 a barrel may well be sustainable.
Цена нефти в 50 долларов за баррель вполне может быть устойчивой.
Must 1. Основное значение: долженствование. 2. В значении предположения must переводится словами «должно быть», «вероятно», «по всей вероятности».
Shareholders must have voted against the deal.
По всей вероятности, акционеры проголосовали против этой сделки.
В значении предположения со всеми этими модальными глаголами могут употребляться различные формы инфинитива. Perfect Infinitive относит действие к прошедшему времени, а Continuous Infinitive – к текущему моменту.
The improvement in imports suggested lackluster Chinese domestic demand might be recovering.
Такое увеличение объемов импорта говорит о том, что вялый внутренний спрос в Китае, возможно, повышается.
Japan may have brought in record-high coal imports last year, but its consumption is minuscule compared to China.
Возможно, в прошлом году Япония и завезла в страну рекордно высокий объем импортного угля, но его потребление ничтожно мало по сравнению с потреблением Китая.
Exercise № 8
Translate the following sentences into Russian.
The survey results indicate the effect of the Fed’s recent interest rate increase may be falling differently across the economy.
If most currencies are “too” cheap against the dollar, it follows that the dollar itself must be too expensive.
Christmas could have been an unhappy one last year if presents were ordered online. Many customers were still waiting for gifts to arrive long after the holidays had ended.
US central bank officials think they may need to accelerate interest rate hikes if a faster-growing economy leads to lower than expected unemployment.
With the global economy looking shaky, it must have seemed unwise to tighten the monetary policy screws further.
Analysis carried out in the report indicates that international trade in counterfeit and pirated products could have been up to $200 billion last year. This total doesn’t include the significant volume of pirated digital products being distributed via the Internet.
US inflation and interest rates may be moving higher again, but from historically low levels.
Since the recession ended, first-quarter GDP growth has frequently come in weak, followed by a stronger second year. This year may have been no exception.
Moving from Delta, an airline, to Red Hat, a technology company, must have been a culture shock for him.
Economists estimate severe weather could have chopped off as much as 1.4 percentage points from GDP growth. The government, however, gave no details on the impact of the weather.
China’s trade data due later on Wednesday may show export growth at multi-year highs thanks to recovering global demand.
The Fed raised rates anyway: Janet Yellen, its chair, argued that the fizzing labour market meant inflation must be on the way.
The government is worried that the economy may slow too fast, and that this could cause a destabilising surge in unemployment.
Such acquisitions might not lead to big changes that customers would notice on supermarket shelves.
Exercise № 9
Should – может 1) выражать долженствование в плане совета или пожелания (переводится словами «должен», «следует», «следовало бы», «нужно», «надо бы», «надо было»); 2) вводить придаточное условия (переводится словами «если», «если же», «если все же»); 3) употребляться в придаточных предложениях с сослагательным наклонением, стоящих после глаголов recommend, suggest, insist и т.п. и словосочетаний it is important (desirable, strange, natural, etc.), при этом should несет чисто грамматическую нагрузку и на русский язык никак не переводится; 4) выражать предположение с большой степенью уверенности (переводится словами «вероятно», «должно быть», «по всей вероятности», «скорее всего»).
Translate the following sentences into Russian.
Last month the fund suggested that Japan should take measures to prod companies into paying higher wages.
If the investments are any good, they should generate a regular stream of inflows, in the form of profits from the companies acquired.
Defeating deflation – should the scourge materialize – will be hard enough as it is.
Growth in emerging Asia is likely to remain strong and it should give governments the confidence to let their currencies rise, which would further boost the relative size of their economies in dollar terms.
Should a strong dollar and rising oil prices persist, traders say that would be a driver for higher inflation.
With the US trade deficit hitting a record $66.1bn in September, the dollar should be vulnerable. Instead it has been pushing back the euro and the yen, gaining close to 14 per cent against both so far this year.
As assets were rising over the last several decades, the fee should have fallen because of the economies of scale.
Should higher inflation convince the Fed that more interest-rate hikes are needed sooner, many investors in emerging markets could be caught off guard.
Inflation hit 2 percent in December, and ran above the central bank’s target and expectations in January and should continue to do so.
Devaluation will further push up inflation but should in time relieve the shortage of foreign currency that has hampered Egyptian business.
Exercise № 10
Would – может выражать 1) повторяющееся действие в прошлом (переводится глаголом в прошедшем времени); 2) предположение (переводится словами «вероятно», «очевидно», «скорее всего», «наверное»); 3) сослагательное наклонение; 4) (отрицательная форма) «никак не», «не хотел(а)».
Translate the following sentences into Russian.
For all the taxpayers who would benefit, the tax cuts would save nearly $37 billion in a single year by 2026.
While the automakers would all prefer more lenient targets than the 2025 ones, they differ on the specifics.
That, in turn, may attract new capital and help bring about economies of scale that would further reduce the prices.
For more than 40 years, Winston and telecommunications giants would spend, spend, spend to plaster their brand on every nook of the track.
If the US imposes taxes on Chinese and Mexican imports, those countries would impose taxes of their own on US exports.
Critics say the measures would shrink competition in the agricultural market, drive prices higher for farmers and consumers, and escalate damage to the environment.
The central bank’s annual inflation target is 2%, which would be achieved in 2018, according to the forecast Fed officials released Wednesday.
Ford would not say when it thinks its Russian operations will earn money.
If interest rates had been consistently too high, capital expenditure would probably have stalled.
More middle-class consumers will benefit, but there is concern lower-income people would be disadvantaged.
