Translation skills

Exercise № 9

While – 1) хотя, несмотря на то, что

2) в то время как, пока

3) а, тогда как

Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. While Chinese exports to the EU during that year were worth €158 billion, European exports to China were worth €52 billion.

2. Export intensive nations, such as China, must boost their domestic demand, while the U.S must control its appetite for imports, while exporting more.

3. While the opening of factories in foreign markets has sometimes drawn criticism from American unions, last week's opening of the BMW factory here appears to have been met with little opposition from the German union.

4. High interest rates will hold down expansion to just 1.5% this year, while unemployment has surged to a record 13%.

5. While analysts cautioned that the report from the Labor Department was hardly cause for celebration, it eased fears of another prolonged slowdown.

6. The most recent data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that quarterly productivity in manufacturing rose 5%, while unit labor costs declined 5.1%.

7. While most energy-related sectors may be on the rise and new technological developments are "promising," the benefits to manufacturers will be muted because U.S. manufacturing has become so much less energy intensive overall in recent years.

8. In the past five years, per capita gross domestic product grew 4.3 per cent annually while average wages grew 2.1 per cent.

9. While advanced countries are in the doldrums, several emerging economies are suffering from excessive credit expansion and overheating.

10. While solar energy still accounts for only a tiny fraction of American power production, declining prices and concerns about global warming give solar power a prominent place in United States plans for a clean energy future.

11. The main cause of the dollar's recent slide has been the ECB’s refusal to cut interest rates (because of its inflation concerns) while the Fed is slashing rates to support growth.

12. While the numbers were affected by summer holiday factory closures, according to data released on Thursday, they marked the latest sign of a slowdown in the economy.

13. Demand for steel in Europe remained weak while prospects were better in North America and Asia.

14. While some railroad companies say their businesses can benefit from higher diesel prices because shippers may migrate to trains from trucks, they are still paying millions of dollars more for fuel.

15. Economists say an easing of oil prices since July, while positive for Japanese consumers and companies in the long run, bodes ill for Japanese exports to resource-rich countries.

Exercise № 10

Once – 1) в качестве наречия переводится на русский язык: однажды, когда-то, некогда, один раз; 2) в качестве союза – как только, коль скоро.

Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Once a powerful engine of growth for Japan, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. has seen its stock price fall 33% from its 12-month peak last April.

2. And once people expect prices to keep falling, they put off buying things, weakening the economy further.

3. Mining and specifically copper output was once the key driver of growth in Congo.

4. Once the biggest oil producer in North Dakota, Whiting lost $2.2 billion in 2015, mostly because it had to partially write down the value of a field in Texas.

5. Once people start to anticipate declining rather than rising prices, it can be very hard to reverse their expectations.

6. China’s appetite for metal ores and other resources is on the wane, Brazil’s once-buoyant economy is in recession, and several smaller countries are also suffering declining growth and capital outflows.

7. Once considered the sick man of Europe, Germany has made more gains over the past decade to improve industry competitiveness than any of its major trading partners.

8. Europe and the United States remain major destinations for Asian goods, and weakening demand in those regions, combined with the slowdown in China’s once red-hot economy, has inevitably taken a toll on export sectors and stock markets around the region.

9. The coal industry, once the heart that pumped the economy of West Virginia, is in deep trouble, buffeted by power plants switching to cheap natural gas, crippling debt, mounting foreign competition and increasingly strict regulations to limit greenhouse gases and toxic emissions.

10. These days, when millions of dollars worth of non-native gemstones are sold each summer in Ketchikan, it pays to remember that once upon a time mining was the principal industry in town.