6. The Simple Present Tense (Простое настоящее время)

		I, We You They	ʹread		the ʹnewspapers	every ↘day.
		He, she (it)	ʹreads
		I, We You They	ʹdo ʹnot ʹdon’t	ʹread	the ʹnewspapers	every ↘day.
		He, she (it)	does’not ʹdoesn’t
ʹDo		I, we you they	ʹread		the ʹnewspapers	↗every day.	ʹYes, I↘do. ʹNo, I ↘don’t.
ʹDoes		he, she (it)					ʹYes, he↘ does. ʹNo, he ↘doesn’t.
ʹWhen	do	i, we you they	ʹread		the ↘news- papers?		I ʹread them in the ↘moming.
	does	he, she (it)					He ʹreads them in the ↘morning.

Утвердительная форма Simple Present для всех лиц (кроме 3-го лица единственного числа) совпадает с формой инфинитива (без to).

В 3-м лице единственного числа глаголы принимают окончание -s или -es.

-s произносится	[z] после гласных: plays [pleɪz] и звонких согласных: reads [ri:dz]
	[s] после глухих согласных: writes [raɪts]
-es произносится [ɪz]	после свистящих: passes [ʹpɑ:sɪz] и шипящих согласных: watches [ʹwɔtʃɪz].

У глаголов, оканчивающихся на у с предшествующей согласной, в 3-м лице у меняется на i и прибавляется окончание -es: to study — studies [ʹstʌdɪz].

Глаголы to do и to go принимают в 3-м лице единственного числа окончание -es:

to go — goes [gouz],

to do — does [dʌz].

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы Simple Present образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to do. В разговорной речи часто употребляются сокращенные формы don’t [dount] и doesn’t [dʌznt].

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы глагола to have, употребляющегося в сочетаниях с существительными, в которых он утрачивает свое основное значение и составляет с ними единое смысловое целое: to have breakast (lunch, dinner, supper) завтракать (обедать, ужинать), образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to do.

Do you have lunch at home?

He doesn’t have lunch at home.

Simple Present Tense употребляется для выражения постоянного повторяющегося действия, для констатации факта. Сравните:

I ʹlearn ʹgrammar ʹrules ʹevery ↘day.

Я учу грамматические правила каждый день.

I am ʹlearning a ʹgrammar ↘rule (now).

Я учу грамматическое правило (сейчас).

Для Simple Present Tense характерно употребление следующих адвербиальных словосочетаний: every day (evening, morning) каждый день (вечер, утро), in the evening вечером, in the morning утром, in the afternoon [͵ɑ:ftəʹnu:n] днем.

Эти словосочетания ставятся либо в конце, либо в начале предложения.

In the ↗morning he ʹlistens to the ↘radio.

My ʹson ʹwatches tele↗vision every ↘evening.

C Simple Present Tense часто употребляются наречия неопределенного времени: always [ʹɔ:lwɪz] всегда, usually [ʹju:ʒuəlɪ] обычно, often [ʹɔfn] часто, seldom [ʹseldəm] редко, never [ʹnevə] никогда, sometimes [ʹsʌmtaɪmz] иногда.

Наречия неопределенного времени обычно ставятся перед смысловым глаголом. Исключение представляет глагол to be — наречия ставятся после него.

I ʹalways ʹread the ʹnewspapers in the ↘morning.

He ʹusually ʹcomes ʹhome at ↘seven o’clock in the evening.

Ho:

He is ↘seldom late.

Наречие never употребляется с глаголом в утвердительной форме, поскольку в английском языке возможно только одно отрицание.

He ʹnever ʹwatches T↘V in the morning.

Он никогда не смотрит телепередачи утром.

Exercise 8. Write the 3rd person singular form of the following verbs. Transcribe them.

to see, to show, to play, to give, to learn, to listen, to open, to read,

to smoke, to take, to thank, to write, to watch, to pass, to do, to go

Exercise 9. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

	I You We They	usually always often seldom	write letters watch TV learn grammar rules play chess	in the evening. after classes. in the morning.
	He She	always some times	listens to the radio has dinner	in the morning. at seven in the evening.
	I You We They	do not don’t	watch TV go to school have lunch at home smoke	in the morning. on Sunday. on Tuesday and Thursday.
	He She	does not doesn’t	have a French class go to college go to the theatre	on Friday. on Sunday. every Saturday.
Do	you we they	often	go to the theatre have lunch at home play chess with Ben	on Sunday?
Does	he she	always usually	listen to the radio have an English class	in the morning? on Wednesday?

Exercise 10. Change these sentences according to the model.

He ʹopens the ʹwindow in the ↘morning. (always)

He ↘always opens the window in the morning.

1. He listens to the radio in the evening. (always) 2. They have tea in the morning. (often) 3. Peter has coffee in the morning. (usually) 4. She watches TV in the afternoon. (never) 5. My friend and I play chess on Sunday. (sometimes) 6. He goes to the theatre on Saturday. (often) 7. She listens to the radio in the morning. (always)

Exercise 11. Transform these sentences according to the model. Give short answers to the questions.

He ↘often watches ↗TV on ↘Friday.

"ʹDoes he ↗often watch TV on Friday?"

"ʹYes, he ↘does."

1. He opens his window every morning. 2. They often play chess on Saturday. 3. We always listen to the radio in the morning. 4. She watches TV every evening. 5. He has breakfast at seven o’clock in the morning. 6. I have an English class every Tuesday. 7. He usually has lunch at twelve o’clock. 8. He often goes to the theatre on Sunday.

Exercise 12. Transform these sentences into tag questions and give answers to them.

He ʹalways has ʹdinner at ↘home.

"He ʹalways has ʹdinner at ↘home, ↗doesn’t he?

"ʹYes, he ↘does. (ʹNo, he ↘doesn’t)"

1. They usually play chess in the evening. 2. She often watches TV on Saturday. 3. They don’t listen to the radio in the evening. 4. They always have breakfast at home. 5. He doesn’t have a French class on Tuesday. 6. She doesn’t go to college on Sunday. 7. He always opens the window in the morning.

Exercise 13. Transform these sentences into negative.

She ʹwrites ʹletters to her ↗mother ʹevery ↘Friday.

She ↘doesn’t write letters to her mother every Friday.

1. We have a French class every Tuesday. 2. My sister goes to college every day. 3. Her brothers play chess every day. 4. They always have breakfast at home. 5. She goes to the theatre every Saturday.

Exercise 14. Маке the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: Do you play chess every day?

B: No, I don’t. I play chess every Tuesday.

(A, В: have an English class, go to college)

2. A: Tom seldom watches TV in the afternoon. And do you?

В: I often watch TV in the afternoon.

(A: listens to the radio, has a French class;

В: listen to the radio, have a French class)

3. A: Do you always listen to the radio in the evening?

B: No, very seldom. I usually listen to the radio in the morning.

(A: in the morning; В: in the afternoon)

Exercise 15. Translate into English.

1. Я часто слушаю радио по утрам. 2. Мы обычно смотрим телепередачи по субботам. 3. Мой отец и брат часто играют в шахматы по вторникам. 4. Она пишет мужу письма каждый понедельник. 5. Открываете ли вы окна каждый вечер? — Да. 6. Анна ведь читает английские газеты каждый день? — Да. 7. Джон редко болеет. 8. Ник никогда не опаздывает. 9. Петр не курит, не так ли? 10. Ходите ли вы в театр каждое воскресенье? 11. Она редко пьет чай по утрам. Она обычно пьет кофе.

Exercise 16. Say what you usually do on week-day^* and on Sunday.