4. Present Participle in the Function of an Attribute*

(Причастие настоящего времени в функции определения)

Present Participle¹ очень часто употребляется в функции определения:

а) перед существительным:

She is a loving little girl.

Она любящая маленькая девочка.

б) после существительного (в этом случае группа причастия эквивалентна русскому причастному обороту или придаточному определительному предложению):

The actress playing the part of Eliza [ɪʹlaɪzə] is brilliant.

Актриса, которая играет роль Элизы, великолепна.

The man sitting over there is our new French teacher.

Человек сидящий (который сидит) вон там, наш новый преподаватель французского языка.

Exercise 15. Form present participles from these verbs.

to write, to blow, to do, to give, to leave, to put, to read, to speak, to wait, to stand, to shout, to flow

Exercise 16. Read and translate these sentences. Pay attention to present participles.

1. The Student sitting next to me is a friend of mine. 2. The northern winds blowing from the Arctic influence the climate of the country. 3. Vast masses of cold air flowing over the land lower the temperature. 4. The tundra occupying the extreme north of the country is a cold bare region. 5. The boy writing on the blackboard is Ann’s brother. 6. "I’m afraid the boy waiting for his father has got wet. It’s raining hard," he said. 7. The girl standing next to Ann is one of the best pupils.

Exercise 17. Made up three sentences using present participles.

5. Article with an Apposition^**

(Употребление артикля перед приложением)

1. Перед приложением, характеризующим лицо или предмет, употребляется неопределенный артикль.

Michael Petrov, a teacher of English, is coming to see them tonight.

2. Если приложение относится к лицу или предмету, пользующемуся широкой известностью, то перед ним употребляется определенный артикль.

Moscow, the capital of Russia, is a beautiful city.

II. WORD-BUILDING

Noun-forming suffix "-ing"

С помощью суффикса -ing образуются от глагольных основ существительные, обозначающие:

а) процесс или действие: swimming плавание, teaching обучение;

б) конкретный результат действия: writing произведение.

Exercise. Form nouns from these verbs using the suffix -ing and translate them into Russian.

to Shop, to act, to greet, to begin, to live, to hear

III. TEXT

Learn these words and word combinations

postgraduate [ʹpoustʹɡrædjuɪt] n аспирант; exchange postgraduate аспирант-стажер по обмену (в другой стране)

dialect [ʹdaɪəlekt] n диалект

a great deal of (очень) много; He spent a great deal of money last month.

make (made) friends подружиться, стать друзьями; She has made a lot of friends since she came to Moscow.

quite a few довольно много; I know quite a few workers from that factory.

Houses of Parliament [ʹpɑ:ləmənt] здание Парламента (в Великобритании)

look round v осмотреть; Will you look round the town?

M. P. сокр. от Member of Parliament член парламента (член палаты общин в Великобритании)

Strangers’ Gallery [ʹstreɪnʤəz ʹɡælərɪ] галерея для публики (в палате общин и в палате лордов)

first adv сначала, сперва; First we had lunch and then looked round the new school.

House of Lords палата лордов (верхняя палата парламента, невыборная, состоит из "светских" и "духовных” лордов)

throne [θroun] п трон

queen [kwi:n] п королева

session [ʹseʃn] п сессия, заседание; session of Parliament сессия парламента; to open а session of Parliament открыть сессию парламента (королева произносит тронную речь в палате лордов, когда приглашаются члены палаты общин)

Lord Chancellor [ʹtʃɑ:nsələ] лорд-канцлер (один из ведущих членов кабинета)

House of Commons [ʹkɔmənz] палата общин (нижняя палата парламента; играет главную роль в осуществлении его законодательных функций)

Speaker п спикер (старшее должностное лицо в палате общин, председательствует на ее заседаниях)

Speaker’s chair кресло спикера (в палате общин)

front [frʌnt] а передний; front seats места в первом ряду (в палате общин) предназначаются для членов правительства (справа от спикера) и для членов "теневого кабинета" (слева от спикера)

bench п скамья, скамейка; front bench передняя скамья (одна из двух передних скамей в палате общин справа и слева от спикера)

right [raɪt] а правая сторона; to sit on the Speaker’s right (on the right of the Speaker) сидеть справа (с правой стороны) от спикера

Prime Minister [ʹpraɪm ʹmɪnɪstə] премьер-министр

leading [ʹli:dɪŋ] а ведущий, руководящий; главный, основной

government [ʹɡʌvənmənt] п правительство

left п левая сторона; to sit on the Speaker’s left (on the left of the Speaker) сидеть слева (с левой стороны) от спикера

leader [ʹli:də] n руководитель, лидер, глава

opposition [͵ɔpəʹzɪʃn] оппозиция; The Opposition оппозиция (обыкн. главная оппозиционная партия в парламенте); Leader of the Opposition лидер оппозиции

shadow cabinet [ʹʃædou ʹkæbɪnɪt] "теневой кабинет" (парламентский комитет главной оппозиционной партии)

face [feɪs] п стоять, сидеть, располагаться лицом к; The school faces the cinema. Школа находится напротив кино. Му window faces the south. Мое окно выходит на юг.

cross-bench [ʹkrɔsbentʃ] п поперечная скамья (в палате общин и в палате лордов) для членов парламента, не принадлежащих к какой-либо парламентской фракции

belong [bɪʹlɔŋ] v (to) принадлежать; Who does this book belong to? What party do you belong to?

either ['aɪðə] pron любой из двух; You can take either of the books. Вы можете взять любую книгу. Either of them is good.

main [meɪn] а главный, основной; the main street главная улица

political [pəʹlɪtɪkl] а политический; There are two main political parties in the USA.

sit (sat) v заседать; The House of Commons will sit tomorrow.

foot [fut] n (pl. feet) ступня, стопа; It’s wet under feet. Под ногами сыро. Is it good to sit with your feet on the table?

in front of prep перед; There is a nice garden in front of our house.

next to prep рядом c; He is sitting next to Professor Ivanov.

bow [bau] v кланяться, поклониться; What’s the name of the man who’s just bowed to you?

debate [dɪʹbeɪt] n дискуссия, дебаты, прения

late adv поздно; Better late than never. Лучше поздно, чем никогда. We arrived too late to see him.

take up v занимать, отнимать; We won’t take up more of your time. Мы больше не будем отнимать у вас время.

as cnj когда, в то время, как; As we were leaving home, it started snowing.

along [əʹlɔŋ] prep вдоль (по), по; They walked along Ostozhenka (Street).

embankment [ɪmʹbæŋkmənt] n набережная

Exercise 1. Read and translate these sentences. Pay attention to active words and word combinations.

1. Most postgraduates spend a great deal of time in libraries. 2. He is sure to make quite a few friends there. 3. Would you like to look round the Houses of Parliament? 4. I wonder if her brother is an M.P.? 6. First we shall go to the House of Lords and then to the House of Commons. 6. Mr Brown took them to the House of Lords. 7. The queen never comes into the House of Commons. 8. Do you know who opens a session of Parliament in Great Britain? 9. The Prime Minister sits on the front bench on the right of the Speaker. 10. The Leader of the Opposition walked to the front bench on the left of the Speaker and sat down. 11. I wonder how often the Shadow Cabinet meets. 12. He does not belong to either of the two main political parties of the USA. 13. When is the cabinet going to sit again? 14. Does your window face the north? 15. Do the cross-benches face the Speaker? 16. The debate lasted till late at night. 17. I’m sorry, I’ve taken up too much of your time.

A VISIT TO THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT

Mary Frolova, an exchange postgraduate from Moscow is studying English dialects at Oxford University. Mary has been staying at Oxford for three months now. She has spent a great deal of her time in the University library. Mary has made quite a few friends since she came to England.

Last week Mary visited the Houses of Parliament. One of her English friends, Alice Bromhead, asked Mary if she would like to look round the Houses of Parliament. Alice’s brother is an M.P. and he got two tickets for the Strangers’ Gallery.

Alice and Mary arrived at Westminster at half past eleven and went to the entrance to the Victoria Tower. Alice’s brother met them there. He took them first to the House of Lords. There they saw the Throne on which the Queen sits when she opens a session of Parliament and the woolsack⁽¹⁾ on which the Lord Chancellor sits.

Then Mr Bromhead took them to the House of Commons. They saw the speaker’s Chair where the Speaker usually sits. The front bench on the Speaker’s right is for the Prime Minister and the leading members of his government. The front bench on the Speaker’s left is for the Leader of the Opposition and members of his Shadow cabinet. There are some cross-benches facing the Speaker for members who do not belong to either of the two main political parties.

After lunch Mr Bromhead took the girls to the Strangers’ Gallery. Then he went to the House of Commons which was going to sit in a few minutes.

Mary was amused to see⁽²⁾ members in the front seats sitting with their feet on the table in front of them. Some members were talking to those sitting next to them. Members were coming in and out all the time, everyone bowed to the Speaker as he came in or out.

If the members liked what a Speaker was saying, they shouted, "Hear, hear!⁽³⁾" If they did not like something they shouted, "No!"

Alice and Mary listened to the debate until late in the afternoon. When the debate was over, Mr Bromhead found them. Mary said to him, "Thank you very much for enjoyable visit and for the excellent lunch. I hope we haven’t taken up too much of your time."

Mr Bromhead answered, "It’s sometimes nice to put pleasure before work⁽⁴⁾. I’m glad you enjoyed the visit. Goodbye."

Mary and Alice decided to take a walk. As they walked along the embankment, Alice asked Mary, "I wonder how you managed to learn English so well. How long have you been learning it?" "For five years at the Teacher Training College. There are quite a few very good teachers of English at our college."

Names

Alice Bromhead [ʹælɪs ʹbrɔmhed] Алиса Бромхед

Westminster [ʹwestmɪnstə] Вестминстер (перен. английский парламент)

Victoria Tower [vɪkʹtɔ:rɪə ʹtauə] башня Виктории (главная башня здания парламента)

Notes

⁽¹⁾ woolsack [ʹwulsæk] мешок с шерстью (набитая шерстью красная бархатная подушка, на которой сидит лорд- канцлер в палате лордов)

⁽²⁾ Mary was amused [əʹmju:zd] to see Мери очень насмешило, когда она увидела

⁽³⁾ "Hear, hear!" "Правильно! Правильно!" (возглас одобрения).

⁽⁴⁾ pleasure before work перевернута поговорка "Work before pleasure." Сначала работа, а потом удовольствие.

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.

Exercise 3. Find in the text English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences.

1. она проводила много времени. 2. Мери подружилась с довольно многими. 3. справа от спикера для премьер-министра и ведущих членов правительства. 4. для членов, которые не принадлежат ни к одной из двух главных политических партий. 5. когда прения (дискуссия) закончились. 6. Надеюсь, что мы не отняли у вас слишком много времени. 7. Сколько лет ты учила его (английский язык)?

Exercise 4. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combinations are used in the text.

postgraduate, the Houses of Parliament, the Strangers’ Gallery, session, his Shadow cabinet, to sit, in front of, next to, to be over, to walk along, quite a few

Exercise 5. Answer these questions.

1. What is Mary Frolova? 2. Has Mary made quite a few friends since she came to England? 3. Who invited Mary to look round the Houses of Parliament? 4. Where did Mr Bromhead take Mary and Alice first? 5. What did they see in the House of Lords? 6. What did they see in the House of Commons? 7. Where do the leading members of the government sit? 8. Where do the members of the Opposition sit? 9. Where did Mr Bromhead take the girls after lunch? 10. What was Mary amused to see? 11. What did members of Parliament do during the debate? 12. The House of Lords is less important than the House of Commons, isn’t it? 13. Mary thanked Mr Bromhead for an enjoyable visit, didn’t she? 14. What did Mary and Alice speak about as they walked along the embankment?

Exercise 6. Give the three forms of the following verbs.

to make, to stay, to spend, to look, to be, to get, to go, to take, to sit, to meet, to see, to belong, to come, to bow, to say, to find, to enjoy, to decide, to learn

Exercise 7. Маке the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: I wonder how Mary’s getting on?

B: She’s all right. She’s made quite a few friends since she came to Oxford.

(A: Jane, Alice, Ann; B: London, Leeds, Moscow)

2. A: How long has the House of Commons been sitting today?

B: For over three hours.

(A: the House of Lords, the cabinet, the Shadow cabinet)

3. A: You’re still looking round.

B: Yes, we’ve been looking round the Houses of Parliament since 11 o’clock in the morning.

(В: the town, the University)

Exercise 8. Give the degrees of comparison of these adjectives and adverbs.

great, few, long, leading, late, much, many,

enjoyable, excellent, well, good

Exercise 9. Insert articles where necessary.

1. John Din, ... British exchange postgraduate, is studying ... Russian dialects. He has been staying at ... Moscow University for over six months. John has spent ... great deal of his time in ... library. He has made quite... few friends since he came to Moscow. 2. Mr Brown invited Viktorov, to visit... Houses of Parliament. Mr Brown is ... M. P. for Leeds. 3. There are over 900 peers^* in ... House of Lords. 4. There are 630 members in ... House of Commons. 5. No... King or... Queen of England can come into... House of Commons. 6. They saw ... front bench on ... Speaker’s right. This bench is for ... Prime Minister and ... leading members of ... government. 7. ... debate lasted until late in ... afternoon. 8. I wonder what ... members of Parliament shout when they like what ... speaker is saying. 9. Thank you for... most enjoyable evening," she said. 10. They decided to take ... walk along ... embankment after lunch.

Exercise 10. Insert prepositions or adverbs.

1. Would you like to look ... the University? 2. Who is sitting ... the left ... the Leader ... the Opposition? 3. "The Queen sits ... this throne when she opens a session ... Parliament," he said. 4. "Did you see the woolsack ... which the Lord Chancellor usually sits?" she asked. 5. What political party do you belong ... ! 6. There was a beautiful garden ... front ... the house. 7. Who is sitting next ... the Prime Minister? 8. I hope I haven’t taken ... too much ... your time. Thank you very much.

Exercise 11. Маке up ten questions based on the text "A Visit to the Houses of Parliament" and answer them.

Exercise 12. Open the brackets and use the proper tenses.

1. The Leader of the Oppositions (to leave) just. His Shadow cabinet (to sit) at twelve. 2. I (to be interested) in British political parties. 3. He (to spend) a great deal of time in the British Library since he (to come) to London. 4. I hope I (to make) quite a few friends there. 5. I don’t think he (to belong) to either of the two main political parties. 6. "The debate (to last) for three hours already. Do you know when it (to be over)?" he asked. 7. They (to walk) along the embankment for an hour already. 8. I hope I (not to take) too much of your time. 9. He (to go) to Sochi for quite a few days.

Exercise 13. Open the brackets and use present participles. Translate the sentences.

1. The man (to sit) over there is an M. P. for Liverpool. 2. Please, speak to the man (to read) a book near the window. 3. The windows (to face) the north are too large, I think. 4. The girl (to study) English dialects is a exchange postgraduate. 5. The cross-benches (to face) the Speaker are for members of Parliament who do not belong to either of the two main political parties. 6. They saw some members (to sit) with their feet on the table in front of them. 7. Members (to ta1k) to those (to sit) next to them were not listening to the speaker. 8. The girls (to walk) along the embankment are Alice and Mary.

Exercise 14. Fill in the blanks with somebody, everybody, something, some, any, etc.

1. I cannot say ... is interested in English dialects but some people are. 2. We were unable to see ... in the Houses of Parliament during one visit. 3. Please ask ... of the students to take you to the University Library. 4. Did you hear ... the speaker said? 5. If the members liked ..., they shouted, "Hear! Hear!" 6. If the members did not like ..., they shouted, "No!" 7. Did ... of your colleagues take part in the debate? 8. ... could answer that question.

Exercise 15. Give a summary of the text "А Visit to the Houses of Parliament."

Exercise 16. Ask questions to which the italicized words are the answers.

1. If the members liked something, they shouted, "Hear! Hear!" 2. They have been looking round the British Library for two hours already. 3. The windows facing the south are too small. 4. She has bought quite a few English books since she began to study English. 5. The main thing is to work hard.

Exercise 17. Translate into English.

1. Алиса пригласила Марию осмотреть здание парламента. Ее брат — член парламента, и он достал два билета на галерею для публики. Мария поблагодарила Алису за приглашение. 2. В палате лордов более 900 пэров (peers), а в палате общин — 630 членов. 3. В настоящее время палата лордов имеет меньшее значение, чем палата общин. 4. Кстати, в палате лордов нет спикера. 5. Марию очень насмешила подушка с шерстью, на которой обычно сидит лорд-канцлер. «Думаю, что на ней не очень удобно сидеть», — сказала Мария. 6. Человек, стоящий у окна, член парламента из Ливерпуля. Он член лейбористской (Labour [ʹleɪbə]) партии. 7. «Теневой кабинет» заседает уже более четырех часов. Интересно, когда закончится заседание. 8. Королева никогда не входит в палату общин. Она открывает новую сессию парламента в палате лордов, и туда приходят члены палаты общин. 9. Прения продолжались до позднего вечера. 10. В какую из двух основных политических партий входит м-р Браун? 11. Мы не смогли увидеть все в здании парламента во время одного посещения. 12. Если членам парламента что-то нравилось, они кричали: «Правильно! Правильно!» Если же им что-то не нравилось, они кричали: «Нет». 13. Она прочла довольно много английских книг с тех пор, как начала изучать английский язык. 14. Как фамилия студента, который сидит рядом с Алисой? 15. Простите, я отнял у вас слишком много времени. — Нисколько. Я рад, если посещение доставило вам удовольствие.

Exercise 18.

а) Make up stories on these topics. b) Write a story on one of the topics.

1. A Visit to the Houses of Parliament. 2. A visit to the Palace of Congresses. 3. A visit to the Grand Kremlin Palace.