II. Text

Learn these words and word combinations

farewell [fɛəʹwel] (в грам. знач. прилагательного) прощальный; farewell speech (dinner, etc.) прощальная речь (прощальный обед); to give a farewell (dinner) party устроить прощальный вечер (обед); Is Peter going to give a farewell dinner party?

complete [kəmʹpli:t] v заканчивать, завершать; I know they have completed the school building.

work on smth. v работать над чем- л.; I wonder whether he’s working on his novel.

take a train (a plane, a bus, etc.) ехать поездом (на самолете, на автобусе и т. п.); Are you going to take a train?

while n: for a (short) while на время (на короткое время, недолго); Не said he would stay in Kiev for a while. in a little while скоро; it will take quite a while это займет довольно много времени.

sight-seeing [ʹsaɪtsi:ɪŋ] п осмотр достопримечательностей; to go sight-seeing осматривать достопримечательности; When are they going sight-seeing?

couple [ʹkʌpl] n разг. несколько; in (tor) a couple of days через несколько дней (в течение нескольких дней); Не will be back in a couple of days.

guidebook [ʹɡaɪdbuk] n путеводитель; a guidebook to London (Moscow, the British Museum, etc.) путеводитель по Лондону (Москве, Британскому музею и т. п.); Syn. a guide to London (Moscow, etc.)

list n список; to make a list (of) составлять список; The teacher asked me to make a list of students who wanted to see the film.

capital [ʹkæpɪtl] n столица

lie [laɪ] (lay, lain [leɪ], [leɪn]) v 1. лежать; 2. быть расположенным; Scotland lies to the north of England. Шотландия расположена (находится) севернее Англии (к северу от Англии)

valley [ʹvælɪ] п долина

stretch v тянуться, простираться

mile [maɪl] п миля; square [skwɛə] mile квадратная миля; Hyde Park stretches for many miles.

population [͵pɔpjuʹleɪʃn] n население; The population of Canada is over 26 million.

industrial [ɪnʹdʌstrɪəl] а промышленный

cultural [ʹkʌltʃərl] а культурный

centre [ʹsentə] n центр

building [ʹbɪldɪŋ] n здание

Norman [ʹnɔ:mən] а нормандский

century [ʹsentʃərɪ] n век, столетие; in the twentieth (20th) century в двадцатом веке (столетии)

hundred [ʹhʌndrəd] n сотня; Hundreds of people came to see the match.

use [ju:z] v пользоваться, использовать; применять, употреблять; May I use your pencil, please? to be used использоваться; What was the Tower used for?

fortress [ʹfɔ:trɪs] n крепость

residence [ʹrezɪdns] n резиденция

prison [ʹprɪzn] n тюрьма

sight [saɪt] n (обычно pl.) достопримечательность; Come and see the sights of Moscow.

nowadays [ʹnauədeɪz] adv в наше время, в наши дни; In many countries children start school at the age of six nowadays.

display [dɪʹspleɪ] n: to be on display быть выставленным; There were a lot of cars on display.

cathedral [kəʹθitdrl] n собор

striking [ʹstraɪkɪŋ] а поразительный, замечательный

design [dɪʹzaɪn] v проектировать; конструировать; Who will have to design the new factory?

architect [ʹɑ:kɪtekt] n архитектор

architecture [ʹɑ:kɪtektʃə] n архитектура

part [pɑ:t] n часть, доля; The novel is in six parts.

whole [houl] n целое

area [ʹɛərɪə] n площадь, пространство, участок; Hyde Park is several square miles in area.

important [ɪmʹpɔ:tənt] а важный, значительный; London is one of the most important industrial and cultural cities in Great Britain.

king n король

bank n банк banking а банковский

commercial [kəʹmə:ʃl] а коммерческий, торговый; New York is the most important commercial centre of the USA.

white-collar worker служащий

westwards [ʹwestwədz] adv к западу, на запад, в западном направлении

reach v достигать, доезжать, доходить, добираться; When will the train reach Edinburgh?

news-agency [ʹeɪʤənsɪ] n агентство печати

site n местонахождение, местоположение

flag n флаг

fly (flew, flown [flu:, floun]) v развеваться by day днем

light [laɪt] n свет, освещение; огонь

burn (burnt) v гореть

by night ночью

opposite [ʹɔpəzɪt] а находящийся напротив; противоположный

nearly [ʹnɪəlɪ] adv почти, чуть не; It is nearly four o’clock.

bury [ʹberɪ] v хоронить; to be buried быть похороненным

memorial [mɪʹmɔ:rɪəl] n памятник; a memorial to smb. памятник кому-л.; war memorial памятник павшим воинам

attraction [əʹtrækʃn] n привлекательность, приятная особенность

historical [hɪsʹtɔrɪkl] а исторический; historical associations [ə͵sousɪʹeɪʃnz] ассоциации с историческими событиями

skyscraper [ʹskaɪskreɪpə] n небоскреб

make (made) v делать, создавать; to be made of smth. быть сделанным из чего-л.; Most skyscrapers are made of glass and steel.

build [bɪld] (built [bɪlt]) устроить; to be built быть построенным; St Paul’s Cathedral was built in 1675-1710.

recently [ʹri:səntlɪ] adv недавно; He has completed his last novel recently.

traditionally [trəʹdɪʃnlɪ] adv традиционно, по традиции

storey [ʹstɔ:rɪ] n этаж; two- (three- ) storey house (building) двух- (трех)этаж- ный дом; Не said that the new block of flats would be a twelve- storey building.

district [ʹdɪstrɪkt] n район, область

change [tʃeɪnʤ] v менять(ся), изменять(ся); переделывать; Nothing has changed since I last visited the town.

still adv до сих пор, (все) еще по- прежнему; She is still busy.

Exercise l. Read and translate these sentences. Pay attention to active words and word combinations.

1. How did you like his farewell speech? 2. Michael said he would stay there for a short while. 3. 1 know they are returning in a couple of days. 4. The British Isles lie to the west of Europe. 5. May I use your textbook, please? 6. There were quite a few interesting books on display. 7. Amundsen reached the South Pole in 1911. 8. He said they would travel by day and stay at hotels every night. 9. The guide told them about the historical events that had taken place many years before. 10. He told me he had seen some of the sights at night. 11. Nearly a hundred new houses were built in the old part of the city recently. 12. The skyscraper made of glass and steel looked beautiful. 13. "Has anything changed since you last saw the town?" she asked him. 14. "Is Mr Brown still engaged?" "Yes, I think so." 15. There was a striking contrast between the two sisters.

A VISIT TO LONDON

On September 25, 1984 Peter Fedorov, a lecturer at Moscow University, was giving a farewell dinner party to his friends as he was leaving for Great Britain the next day. Peter told his friends that he would teach spoken Russian to English students at Leads University for a year. He also said he would try to complete the English textbook he was working on.

His friends asked Peter whether he was going by air or by train. Peter said that he was going by air. George Lunin, one of his colleagues, who had been to England before, advised him to take the train. George said if Peter went by train he would be able to see Poland, Germany and the Netherlands on his way to England. George said it had taken him about two days to get to London.

Peter’s friends asked him whether he would be able to stay in London for a while and go sight-seeing. Peter hoped he would stay in London for a couple of days. He said he had already read the guidebook to London and had made a list of places he wanted to see.

This is what Peter read about London.

London, the capital of Great Britain, lies in the valley of the Thames. "Greater London"⁽¹⁾ stretches for over thirty miles from north to south⁽²⁾ and for over thirty miles from east to west. Its population is about seven million. London is the biggest industrial and cultural centre of Great Britain.

One of the oldest buildings in London is the Tower. William the Conqueror⁽³⁾, the first Norman king, built it in the eleventh century. For hundreds of years the Tower was used as a fortress, a residence of kings and a prison. The most popular sight in the Tower nowadays is the Jewel House in which the Crown jewels⁽⁴⁾ are on display.

St Paul’s Cathedral is not very far from the Tower. The cathedral the most striking building in the City,⁽⁵⁾ was designed by Sir Christopher Wren, an outstanding British architect.

The City of London is a very small part of the whole, it is only one square mi1e in area but it is the most important banking and commercial centre of the country. Every day over a million white-collar workers come to the City offices and banks.

If you walk westwards from St Paul’s you reach Fleet Street. Here the most important newspapers and news-agencies have their offices.

Walking along the Strand you can reach the Houses of Parliament. The new building for the Houses of Parliament was built in 1840 on the site of the old Palace of Westminster. When Parliament sits a flag flies from the Victoria Tower by day and a light in the Clock Tower above the famous Big Ben⁽⁶⁾ burns by night.

Opposite the Houses of Parliament stands Westminster Abbey, famous for its architecture and historical associations. Nearly all kings and queens have been crowned⁽⁷⁾ in the Abbey since the time of the Conquest.⁽⁸⁾ Chaucer, Spencer Tennyson, Dickens and many other famous men and writers were buried there. In the Poet’s Corner⁽⁹⁾ there are memorials to Shakespeare, Milton, Burns, Byron and many other poets and writers.

One of London’s attractions is its parks, Hyde Park the most famous of them.

There are many other historical buildings and museums in London. Some skyscrapers made of glass and steel⁽¹⁰⁾ were built in London recently but they are not popular with English people who traditionally like to live in small two-storey houses.

Names

Leeds [1i:dz] г. Лидс

Poland [ʹpoulənd] Польша

Germany [dʒə:mənɪ] Германия

the Netherlands [ʹneðələndz] Нидерланды

the Jewel [ʹdʒu:ə1] House Хранилище сокровищ

St Paul’s Cathedral [seɪnt ʹpɔ:1z kəʹθi:drl] собор св. Павла

Sir Christopher Wren [ʹkrɪstəfə ʹren] Кристофер Рен

Fleet Street Флит-Стрит

the Strand [strænd] Странд (улица)

the Palace [ʹpælɪs] of Westminster [ʹwestmɪnstə] Вестминстерский дворец (здание английского парламента)

Westminster Abbey [ʹæbɪ] Вестминстерское аббатство

Chaucer [ʹʧɔ:sə] Чосер

Spencer [ʹspensə] Спенсер

Tennyson [ʹtenɪsn] Теннисон

Shakespeare [ʹʃekspɪə] Шекспир

Milton [ʹmɪltn] Мильтон

Notes

⁽¹⁾ Greater London Большой Лондон (состоит из Лондона и частей графств Мидлсекс, Эссекс, Кент, Суррей, Хартфордшир; делится на 32 района)

⁽²⁾ from north to south. В сочетании с предлогами from... to артикль, как правило, не употребляется.

⁽³⁾ William the Conqueror [ʹwɪljəm ðə ʹkɔŋkərə] Вильгельм Завоеватель, Вильгельм I (1027 - 1087), первый король из норманнов в Англии

⁽⁴⁾ the Crown [kraun] jewels сокровища короны (королевские драгоценности)

⁽⁵⁾ The City Сити (исторический центр Лондона, один из крупнейших коммерческих центров; в нем находятся главные банки)

⁽⁶⁾ Big Ben "Биг Бен", "Большой Бен" (колокол часов- курантов на здании парламента, бой которых передается ежедневно по радио как сигнал точного времени)

⁽⁷⁾ have been crowned (форма Perfect в страдательном залоге) были коронованы

⁽⁸⁾ the Conquest [ʹkɔŋkwest] завоевание (Англии норманнами под предводительством Вильгельма Завоевателя в 1066 г.)

⁽⁹⁾ the Poet’s [ʹpo(u)ɪts] Corner Уголок поэтов (часть Вестминстерского аббатства, где похоронены известные поэты и писатели)

⁽¹⁰⁾ made of glass [ɡlɑ:s] and steel сделанные из стекла и стали (made — причастие прошедшего времени употребленное в функции причастного определительного оборота).

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.

Exercise 3. Find in the text English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences.

1. Петр сказал своим друзьям, что он будет обучать английских студентов разговорному русскому языку. 2. Он сказал, что поедет поездом. 3. Георгий сказал, что, если Петр поедет поездом, он сможет увидеть Польшу и другие страны. 4. Друзья спросили его, сможет ли он остановиться в Лондоне. 5. Он сказал, что он уже прочитал путеводитель по Лондону. 6. раскинулся более чем на тридцать миль с севера на юг. 7. Тауэр использовался как крепость. 8. очень небольшая часть от целого. 9. Вы дойдете до Флит-Стрит. 10. было построено в 1840 году. 11. который славится своей архитектурой и историческими ассоциациями.

Exercise 4. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combinations are used in the text.

farewell, while, sightseeing, couple, list, to lie, mile, building, to build, hundreds of, to be used, striking, whole, in area, nearly, recently, district

Exercise 5. Study the text and answer these questions.

1. Why was Peter Fedorov giving a farewell party to his friends? 2. What did Peter tell his friends about his job^*? 3. Why did George Lunin advise Peter to go to London by train? 4. What did Peter’s friends ask him about? 5. For how long did Peter hope to stay in London? 6. Where is London situated? 7. What is the oldest building in London? 8. Who was St Paul’s Cathedral designed by? 9. What is the city famous for? 10. What do you know about Fleet Street? 11. When was the new building for the Houses of Parliament built? 12. What is Westminster Abbey famous for?

Exercise 6. Insert prepositions or adverbs.

1. Lenin visited London several times. In 1902 he came ... London to prepare everything ... the publication^* ... "Iskra". He stayed ... London ... a short while. ... his stay he studied the life ... the British workers and attended their meetings. He liked to walk ... London streets. He knew London very well and called it a city ... great contrasts. 2. Karl Marx came ... England ... the summer ... 1849 ... the age ... thirty-one, and spent there the rest of his days^**. Marx was buried... Highgate Cemetery^***. 3. Glasgow, one ... Britain’s industrial centres, is famous ... its historical associations. ... Daniel Defoe [ʹdænɪəl ʹdi:fou] said that Glasgow was "one ... the cleanliest, most beautiful and best-built cities in Great Britain". Modern Glasgow is a very large city that stretches ... many miles... north ... south and ... east ... west. 4. The teacher asked Ann to make a list ... students who wanted to go ... the Television Tower. 5. John’s sister bought a guidebook ... Kiev yesterday. 6. George is going to give a farewell dinner ... his friends as he is leaving ... Siberia ... a couple of days. 7. How many cars are there ... display? 8. How many memorials ... Pushkin are there in Moscow?

Exercise 7. Insert articles where necessary.

1. Londoners are fond of ... beautiful parks of their city. At weekends hundreds of people come to ... parks. 2. Most of ... London streets are narrow ... Oxford Street is ... busiest street: there are ... lot of department stores, shops and offices there. 3. St. Petersburg is one of ... most beautiful cities in ... world. 4. Tallinn is ... ancient city... old part of ... city with its narrow streets and two-storey buildings is like an open-air museum. Estonia [estounɪə] is famous for its festivals of ... song. Festivals of ... song take place all over ... the country in spring and in summer.

Exercise 8. Маке up fifteen questions based on the text and answer them.

Exercise 9. Give a summary of the text "A visit to London".

Exercise 10. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the proper tenses.

1. John told me he (to give) a farewell dinner party the following Friday. 2. She said Jane Morton (to teach) spoken English at Moscow University then. 3. Mr Chandlers said that Kiev (to change) greatly for the last ten years. "It (to be) one of the most beautiful cities in the Ukraine", he added. 4. He said that Mr Barton (to stay) in Tallinn for a couple of weeks. 5. The guide said that the sightseeing tour (may) take them from four to six hours. 6. I wondered whether the train (to reach) already Leeds. 7. The teacher told Mrs Jones that there (to be) a striking contrast between her two children. 8 He said that they (to visit) the Tower the day before. 9. The guide said that nearly all English kings and queens (to be crowned) in Westminster Abbey. 10. Jane asked her friend to make a list of things they (to need) for the trip. 11. The bus driver said that Suzdal (to be) only a few miles away. 12. I wondered whether he (to buy) a guide-book to St. Petersburg. 13. He said they (to walk) along Arbat when he (to meet) them. 14. Did he say that he (to stay) there for a short while? 15. She said she (to complete) the textbook she (to work on) the following month.

Exercise 11. Маке up ten sentences using reported speech and the following active words.

to reach, to design, to go sightseeing, nearly, change, district, a couple of,

to make a list of, to build, commercial

Exercise 12. Translate into English.

1. Москва — крупнейший промышленный и культурный центр страны. Москва славится своими театрами, парками и спортивными сооружениями (sports facilities [fəʹsɪlɪtɪz]). В 1980 г. в Москве состоялись XXII Олимпийские игры. Спортсмены и туристы (tourist [ʹtuərɪst]) получили большое удовольствие не только от спортивных соревнований, но и от театральных спектаклей и концертов, которые состоялись во время Олимпиады. 2. Вашингтон, столица США, расположен на реке Потомак (the Potomac [pɔʹtoumək]) River). Вашингтон — политический центр страны. Вашингтон не очень большой город, его население менее 1 млн. человек. Большая часть населения Вашингтона — негры. 3. Петр сказал, что он пригласил на прощальный обед своих друзей и коллег. 4. Г-н Бертон (Burton) сказал мне, что он пробудет в Москве недолго. Он надеялся, что сможет посетить наиболее важные исторические памятники, музеи и выставки. 5. Анна сказала, что они уже добрались до аэропорта и не опоздают на свой рейс. 6. Гид сказал нам, что известный русский архитектор Растрелли (Rastrelli) спроектировал несколько великолепных дворцов в Санкт Петербурге. 7. Джордж сказал, что Москва очень изменилась с тех пор, как он ее видел в 1970 г.

Exercise 13. а) Prepare a talk^* on these topics.

b). Write an essay^** on one of the topics.

1. The town (the city) I like best. 2. A capital city. 3. Impressions of a visit to a town (a city).