Unit 17. Cardiovascular system.

Ex.1. Read the words and words-combinations and memorize them:

circulatory (cardiovascular) – серцево-судинний;

atrium - передсердя; serum - сироватка;

heart - серце; corpuscle – тільце

blood - кров; aorta – аорта

auricle – вушко передсердя;

artery - артерія; vessel - судина;

ventricle – шлуночок; lung - легеня;

vein - вена; similar – подібний;.

valve – клапан (серця);

capillary - капіляр; fluid - рідина;

tricuspid v. - тристулковий; chamber – порожнина (серця);

mitral v. – мітральний; двостулковий клапан

Ex.2.Match the word combinations:

cardiovascular system	мільйони крихітних тілець
a hollow muscle	велике коло кровообігу
an upper chamber	червона рідина
the lesser circulatory system	серцево-судинна система
well-oxygenated blood	порожнистий м’яз
the greater circulatory system	верхня порожнина
a red fluid	мале коло кровообігу
millions of minute bodies	насичена киснем кров

Ex.3. Read and translate the text:

The сirculatory (cardiovascular) system.

The cardiovascular system is the system of blood circulation. It consists of the heart, the arteries, the veins and capillaries of the human body. The heart is a hollow muscle. It is divided into four chambers. The right heart consists of an upper chamber called an atrium (with the auricle) and a lower chamber called a ventricle. Between these two chambers is a one-way valve, called the tricuspid valve. The left heart has two similar chambers and the mitral valve between them. Although the heart is a unit, anatomically and functionally, it can be thought of as two isolated pumps - the "right heart" and the "left heart".

The right heart receives blood from the veins and pumps it into the lung by way of the lesser circulatory system. In the lungs the blood is supplied with oxygen. Then it moves into the left heart. From the left heart the well-oxygenated blood is pumped into a large artery called the aorta, which distributes it to the entire body by means of the greater circulatory system. The blood is returned to the heart by means of the veins.

The blood is a red fluid, which coagulates when it escapes from a blood vessel. It consists of colourless fluid, called plasma, and many millions of minute bodies, the corpuscles.

Ex.4. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents for:

the cardiovascular system; a hollow muscle; four chambers; an atrium with the auricle; a lower chamber called a ventricle; the tricuspid valve; the mitral valve; two isolated pumps; by way of the lesser circulatory system; is supplied with oxygen; it moves into the left heart; the well-oxygenated blood; a large artery called the aorta; distributes it to the entire body; by means of the greater circulatory system; a red fluid.

Ex.5. Give the English equivalents of:

система циркуляції крові; артерії, вени та капіляри; верхня порожнина;анатомічно і функціонально; праве серце; ліве серце; перекачує в легені; мале коло кровообігу; велике коло кровообігу; насичена киснем кров; червона рідина, яка згортається

Ex.6.Answer the questions:

1.What is the cardiovascular system? 2. What does the cardiovascular system consist of? 3. How many chambers is the heart divided into? 4. What does the right heart consist of? 5. Where is the blood supplied with oxygen? 6. The blood is returned to the heart by means of veins, isn't it? 7. What does the blood consist of? 8. What colour is venous blood? 9. What colour is the blood from an artery?

Ex.7. Fill in the blanks:

The right heart consists of an upper chamber called ... (with the auricle) and a lower chamber called ....

1. It consists of..., ..., the veins and capillaries of the human body.

2. The blood is a red fluid, which ... when it escapes from a blood vessel.

3. In the lung the blood is supplied with ....

4. ... is a hollow muscle.

5. The right heart receives blood from ... and the pumps it in to the lung by way of the lesser circulatory system.

6. ... consists of colorless fluid, called plasma or serum, and many millions of minute bodies, the corpuscles.

Ex.8.Say if it is true or false:

1. The cardiovascular system is the system of blood transfusion.

2. The right heart consists of an upper chamber called an atrium (with the auricle) and a lower chamber called a ventricle and a mitral valve between them.

3. The right heart receives blood from the veins and pumps it into the lung by way of the greater circulatory system.

4. In the liver the blood is supplied with oxygen.

5. The blood is returned to the heart by means of the arteries.

6. The blood is a red fluid, which coagulates when it escapes from a blood vessel.

Ex.9.Translate into English:

1. Серцево-судинна система складається з серця, артерій, вен та капілярів. 2. Серце має чотири порожнини. 3. У легенях кров насичуються киснем 4. Кров – це червона речовина, що складається з сироватки та кров’яних тілець. 5. Серце – це порожнистий м’яз. 6. Венозна кров – темно-червона.

Ex.10. Make up a plan of the text. Be ready to speak on the structure of the cardiovascular system.

Ex.11. Read the words and translate the text:

platelet – тромбоцит; mature – зрілий; clotting – згортання; dissolved – розчинений; nitrogen – азот; to include –включати; to occur – траплятись; serum – сироватка; complete – повний;

BLOOD

In its liquid state blood contains fluid called plasma and microscopically visible cellular elements erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets. Erythrocytes are red blood cells. The mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated red cells. After an active life of 120 days they are destroyed. Their main function is transportation of gases. Leucocytes are white blood cells. Leucocytes are of different types, they have nuclei. Some of them fight the bacteria. Thrombocytes are blood platelets. They are much smaller fragments of protoplasm containing nuclear material. They are important in blood clotting.

The plasma which is mostly water also has a very complex chemical nature. The plasma is the fluid portion of the blood before clotting has occurred. The serum is the portion of the blood remaining after the coagulation process is complete.

Functions of Blood. The blood has many functions.The blood performs an important function in metabolism: it delivers nutrients to the tissues of all the organs and carries the waste products away.

The blood performs a most important function in respiration: it delivers oxygen to the tissues of the organs and carries carbon dioxide away. Oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is eliminated from it in the lungs.

Ex.12. Answer the questions:

1. What is the composition of blood? 2. What does plasma contain? 3. What is the difference between the plasma and the serum? 4. What blood cells are nucleated? 5. What are the functions of erythrocytes, leucocytes and thrombocytes? 6. What is the life span of erythrocytes?