Peritonitis

Peritonitis is known to be general or localized, acute or chronic, primary or secondary. Acute general purulent peritonitis is believed to be due to perforation of some one of the hollow abdominal organs The most frequent causes are perforating appendicitis, inflammatory conditions of the female sex organs and perforating gastric or duodenal ulcers.

The main symptoms of this condition are vomiting, pain and tenderness in the abdomen, which is considerably enlarged due to the presence of fluid in it. The temperature is known to be moderately elevated and the pulse rate may be considerably changed. The blood analysis usually reveals leucocytosis.

This condition is extremely dangerous to the patient's life, it is relieved by an emergency surgery. During the operation the primary focus of peritonitis is to be removed, thus the danger for the patient being eliminated. Emergency operative treatment is known to be followed by a course of antibiotic treatment, which greatly contributes to the recovery.

Ex.4. Skim through the text and find the symptoms of peritonitis.

Ex.5. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents for:

to be general or localized; acute or chronic; to be due to perforation; perforating gastric or duodenal ulcer; the presence of fluid; to be moderately elevated; the pulse rate; extremely dangerous; emergency operative treatment; to be followed by a course of antibiotic treatment; greatly contributes to the recovery.

Ex.6. Translate into English:

1. Відомо, що перитоніт буває загальним або локальним, гострим або хронічним. 2. Основні симптоми це блювання, біль у черевній порожнині. 3.Пульс значно прискорюється. 4. Цей стан небезпечний для життя хворого. 5.Після оперативного втручання призначається курс антибіотиків, що дуже допомагає одужанню.

Grammar. Modals

can могти, уміти

may могти, мати можливість

must мусити, бути повинним

Present	Past	Future
You can do it. You are able to do it	You could do it. You were able to do it.	- You will be able to do it.
You may take it. You are allowed to take it.	You might take it. You were allowed to take it.	- You will be allowed to take it.
You must go there. You have to go there. We are to meet him.	- You had to go there. You were to meet him.	- You will have to go there. We will be able to meet him.

Should - бути повинним (комусь), слід робити

would - виражає бажання, ввічливе прохання

ought to - бути повинним (комусь), слід робити

shall - бути повинним, погроза(you shall wait )

will - мати намір, бажати

need - потребувати, бути необхідним

dare - сміти, наважуватися

Ex. 7. Translate the sentences with Modals:

1. Every student can explain the signs of this disease. 2. You may carry on the experiment in the laboratory. 3. You may finish this translation not later than tomorrow. 4. This doctor ought to be more attentive to his patients. 5. You should work as much as possible. 6. Where shall he switch on this device? 7. We will help you tomorrow. 8. He tried to explain it, but we wouldn’t listen to him. 9. You need to devote particular attention to this patient. 10. He dared test this device without permission. 11. I cannot understand why you should do it. 12. You ought not to have touched those devices. 13. You needn’t do it. 14. Your documents might be received yesterday. 15. You could have finished your work in time, if you had worked harder.