Bronchitis

Bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. It occurs when the trachea (windpipe) and the large and small bronchi (airways) within the lungs become inflamed because of infection or other causes. The thin mucous lining of these airways can become irritated and swollen. The cells that make up this lining may leak fluids in response to the inflammation. Coughing is a reflex that works to clear secretions from the lungs. Often the discomfort of a severe cough leads you to seek medical treatment. Both adults and children can get bronchitis. Symptoms are similar for both. Infants usually get bronchiolitis, which involves the smaller airways and causes symptoms similar to asthma.

Bronchitis occurs most often during the cold and flu season, usually coupled with an upper respiratory infection. Several viruses cause bronchitis, including influenza A and B, commonly referred to as "the flu." A number of bacteria are also known to cause bronchitis, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Bronchitis also can occur when you inhale irritating fumes or dusts. Chemical solvents and smoke, including tobacco smoke, have been linked to acute bronchitis. People at increased risk both of getting bronchitis and of having more severe symptoms include the elderly, those with weakened immune systems, smokers, and anyone with repeated exposure to lung irritants. The majority of cases of bronchitis stem from viral infections. This means that most cases of bronchitis are short-term and require nothing more han treatment of symptoms to relieve discomfort. But sometimes doctors prescribe antibiotics.

Ex.7. Give the English equivalents:

гостре запалення; сильний кашель; звертатися по медичну допомогу; як дорослі, так і діти; збільшений ризик; ослабнена імунна система; інфекція верхніх дихальних шляхів

Ex.8. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

Acute inflammation; severe cough ;increased risk; air passage; lung irritant; to seek medical treatment; to inhale irritating fumes; severe symptoms; repeated exposure to irritants; nothing more than; relieve the discomfort; coupled with infection.

Ex.9. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is bronchitis?

2. When does bronchitis occur?

3. What leads you to seek medical treatment?

4. What viruses cause bronchitis?

5. What people are at increased risk of getting bronchitis and of having

more severe symptoms?

6. What treatment do cases of bronchitis require?

7. What do doctors prescribe in some cases?

Independent work #11. Respiratory system disorders.

Task 1. Skim through the text and find the sentences expressing its main idea.

Task 2. Find the English equivalents in the text and translate the sentences containing them:

туберкульозний диспансер; прихована форма хвороби; диспансерний нагляд; профілактика туберкульозу; вражати різні частини тіла; профілактична вакцинація; нові хірургічні методи лікування.

Task 3. Read the words and translate text and do the exercises:

tuberculosis – туберкульоз; health-building measures – оздоровчі заходи; to cease – припиняти; incidence – сфера впливу, охоплення; follow up observation – контрольний огляд; preventive – профілактичний; screening – рентгеноскопія; infant – немовля; convalescent – який одужує; voucher – путівка