Unit 31. Reproductive systems.

Ex.1. Read and memorize the words:

fetus – плід;	ovum (ova) - яйцеклітина;
breasts –молочні залози;	embryo - зародок;
ovary - яєчник;	uterus - матка;
vagina - піхва;	orifice – круглий отвір;
perineum - промежина;

Ex.2. Match the following word combinations:

the female reproductive system-	пара репродуктивних залоз;
provide a place -	важливий жіночий гормон;
the pair of reproductive glands -	забезпечує місце;
milk-producing glands -	жіноча репродуктивна система
an important female hormone -	залози, які продукують молоко

Ex.3. Read and translate the text:

Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system consists of organs which produce ova (the female sex cells) and provide a place for the growth of the embryo. Ova are produced by the ovary. Ovaries are the pair of reproductive glands in the lower abdomen. Besides the ovaries the major organs of the female reproductive system include the fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and the external genitalia (vulva). Vulva includes vaginal lips, clitoris and the vaginal and urethral orifices. The space between the vaginal orifice and the anus is called perineum. To the female reproductive system belong also the breasts. They are two milk-producing glands.

Ex.4. Answer the questions:

1. What does the female reproductive system consist of?

2. What are ova produced by?

3. Where are ovaries located?

4. Can you name the major organs of the female reproductive system?

5. What is called perineum?

6. How are the milk –producing glands called?

7. What are the other major organs of the female reproductive system?

8. What does the vulva include?

9. What are the breasts?

Ex.5. Suggest the Ukrainian for:

the female reproductive system; provide a place for the growth of the embryo; are produced by the ovary; in the lower abdomen; the major organs; the external genitalia (vulva); the space between the vaginal orifice and the anus; two milk-producing glands

Ex.6. Find in the text the following words and words- combinations:

жіноча репродуктивна система; продукують яйцеклітини; місце для росту зародка; парні репродуктивні залози; матка; піхва; промежина;

Ex.7. Fill in:

1. The female reproductive system consists of organs which produce .... 2. Ova are ... by the ovary. 3. Vulva includes vaginal lips, clitoris and the vaginal and urethral .... 4. The space between the vaginal orifice and the anus is called ... . 5. To the female reproductive system belong also the ....

Male reproductive system

Ex 8. Read and memorize the words:

scrotum – мошонка; sperm – сперма ;

semen – сім’я, сперма; penis(phallus) – статевий член;

urination – сечовиділення; reproduction – відтворення

epididymus – придаток яєчка;

glans penis – головка статевого члена;

foreskin (prepuce) – передня шкірочка (статевого члена)

male sex hormones – чоловічі статеві гормони

seminiferous tubule – сім’яний каналець

the prostate gland - передміхурова залоза

Ex. 9. Match the words-combinations:

a pair of testes - сприяє рухливості;

seminiferous tubules - через уретру;

are collected in the in ducts - пара яєчок;

is ejected from the body- м’яка чутлива частина;

through the urethra- сім’яні канальці;

aids the motility - збирається у протоках;

a soft sensitive part - виділяється з організму

Ex. 10. Read and translate the text:

/

Male Reproductive System

The reproductive apparatus of males is different from female concerning not only primary but also accessory organs.

The primary organs include the gonades, or sex glands which produce the germ cells and manufacture hormones. The male gonads are testes. They are located outside the body between the thighs in a sac called the scrotum. In the testes there are seminiferous tubules in whose wall cells produce spermatozoa. Other cells in the testes secrete the male sex hormone testosterone.

Testosterone has two functions:

- the maintenance of the reproductive structures, including development of spermatozoa;

- the development of secondary sex characteristics (accessory).

In the scrotum there is also a greatly coiled tube (6 meters long) called the epididymis. While spermatozoa are temporarily stored in the epididymis, they mature and become motile (рухливі), that is, able to move by themselves. Semen is a combination of fluid spermatozoa which is ejected from the body through the urethra.

The two ejaculatory ducts enter the body of the prostate gland. Ducts from the prostate carry its secretion into the urethra. The urethra passes outside the body through the penis (phallus). It is composed of erective tissue and a soft sensitive part called the glans penis.

Ex.11.Fill in:

1. The primary organs include the …

2. In the testes there are… .

3. Testosterone has … function.

4. The … passes outside the body through the penis .

5. Other cells in the testes secrete the male … … testosterone.

6. The epididymis is … meters long .

Ex. 12. Answer the following questions:

1) What belongs to the organs of the male reproductive system?

2) What are primary and accessory features of the male reproductive system?

3) What disorders in men do you know?

4) What is the main male sex hormone?

5) What are its functions?

Ex.13. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

male reproductive system; the interior of a testis; a large mass of the seminiferous tubules; contain cells which manufacture spermatozoa; a combination of fluid spermatozoa; aids the motility of the sperm.

TASK. Get ready to speak about the reproductive systems.

GRAMMAR .ТИПИ СКЛАДНОПІДРЯДНИХ РЕЧЕНЬ

Типи речень	Сполучники	Приклади
З’ясувальне Object Clause)	that	The doctor said that he had examined many patients.
Означальне Attributive Clause	who, which, that	The man who was there is a doctor.
Обставинні (the Adverbial Clause) a) часу	when, while after, before	When the doctor came here, the patients had been transported to the hospital.
б) місця	where, wherever	He went where the doctor sent him.
в) причини	because, since, as, for	Since you have finished your work, you may go home.
г) мети	in order that, so that	I gave him the textbook so that he might read this teхt.
д) умови	if, unless, provided	If I go to the library, I shall take this book.