Unit 32. Diseaseas of the reproductive system.

Ex.1. Read and translate the following clinical terms.

1. Infertility is characterized by the decreases ability to reproduse.

2. Sterility is complete inability to reproduce

3. Cryptorchidism is the failure of testes to descend into the scrotum.

4. Inguinal hernia is the rupture of the abdominal wall at the

ingumc canal.

5. Infections of the male reproductive organs include gonorrea,

syphilis, and genital herpes.

6. Cancer of the prostate is a common disease in men over 50.

Ex.2. Learn the following clinical terms.

Leukorrhea is a white or yellowish vaginal discharge, sign of irritation or infection.

Amenorrhea is the absense of menstrual flow.

Dismenorrhea is painful or difficult menstruation.

Cancer of breasts, cancer of endometrium, cancer of ovaries, cancer of cervix are commor malignant tumors of the female reproductive organs.

The infectious diseases of the female sex organs are salpingitis (inflammation of the uterine tubes); pelvic inflammatory disease (P1D) may be caused by gonorrhea or bacteria; toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a serious bacterial infection usually due to certain staphylococci.

Infertility.

Ex.3. Read the words and translate the text:

to define – визначати; infertility – безпліддя; couple – пара; pregnancy – вагітність; cause – причина; to mature – зріти; prevalence – частота

Ex.4. Read and memorize the word-combinations:

inability to conceive – нездатність зачати;

previous pregnancy – попередня вагітність;

medical intervention – медичне втручання;

to mature in the ovaries – визрівати в яєчниках;

to decline sharply – різко зменшується;

semen quality – якість сперми;

current methods – сучасні методи;

release eggs – виділяти яйцеклітину;

without assistance – без допомоги

The WHO defines infertility as follows:

Infertility is the inability to conceive a child. Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never had a child. Secondary infertility is failure to conceive following a previous pregnancy. There are many biological causes of infertility, including some that medical intervention can treat. Prevalence Fertility problems affect one in seven couples in the UK. Women become less fertile as they get older. The effect of age upon men's fertility is less clear. In the UK, roughly half of fertility problems with a diagnosed cause are due to problems with the man, and about half due to problems with the woman. However, about one in five cases of infertility has no clear diagnosed cause.

Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are:

- Genetic factors

- Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, adrenal disease

- Hypothalamic-pituitary factors

- Environmental factors:

Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides.

- Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause of infertility, but may include fertility treatments, which include in vitro fertilization. Treatment methods for infertility may be grouped as medical or complementary and alternative treatments.

Ex.5. Answer the questions:

1. What is infertility?

2. What are the main causes of infertility in women?

3. What are the main causes of infertility in men?

4. Do all cases of infertility have clear diagnosed cause?

5. What does the treatment depend on?

6. Why are so many cases of unexplained infertility?

7. May treatment methods for infertility be grouped as medical and alternative treatments?