Types of Clauses Multifunctional Words: "that", "it"

Wordbuilding: Suffixes and prefixes: -ance/-ence; -ant/-ent; im-/en-

Phonetics

Ex. 1. Practise saying.

[s]	some, social, decide, system, else, aspect, civil, person;
[z]	as, has, prison, result, based, characterized, organized;
[k]	act, case, crime, public, coroner, conflict, court, black;
[dʒ]	just, judge, job, juvenile, large, age, agent, page, charged;
[e]	every, seldom, directly, develop, regulate, correct, equity;
[aiә]	trial, society, fire, satire, require, acquire, wire, tyre;
[au]	how, now, brown, town, power, foul, noun, mouth, loudly.

Ex. 2. Listen to and repeat after the speaker.

1. set, classify, also, strongly, supreme, outside, list, simple, single

2. these, those, organize, imprison, sometimes, precise, laws, appeals;

3. conduct, particular, thick, criminal, prosecute, accused, claim, make;

4. peace, procedure, decision, except, civilian, enforce, face, place;

5. justice, January, jury, judiciary, bridge, major, stage, language;

6. America, depend, attempt, independence, relatively, friend, question;

7. lyre, higher, tired, reliable, expire, mire, shire, fire, entire.

Ex. 3. Group the words according to the following sounds.

[s] [aiә] [au] [z] [k]

Teachers, client, reason, hears, custom, round, pioneer, count, plastic, down, police, appeals, because, close, thick, house, pencil, cry, found, cross, convict, allow, icy, clock, gown, particular, principle, empowered, public, supervise, judicated, disputes, science, applied, confirm, common, deals, laws, county.

Ex. 4. Mind the stress and pronunciation of the following.

'common – com'munity 'active – ac'tivity 'legal – le'gality 'moral – mo'rality 'possible – possi'bility 'global – 'globalize – globali'zaton

exp'lain – expla'nation e'liminate – elimi'nation pre'pare – prepa'ration 'quality – 'qualify – qualifi'cation ad'ministrate – ad'ministrative – administ'ration repre'sent – repre'sentative – represen'tation

Ex. 5.* Find the odd word in each set. Think phonetically.

1. accuse, prescribe, custom, substantive, state, legislative;

2. case, court, decision, discuss, classify, district;

3. investigate, legal, legislature, litigation, government, regulate;

4. Supreme, procedure, legal, central, need, appeal;

5. brown, how, now, window, down, town.

Word-building

Ex. 6. Derive the words according to the following models and

translate them into Russian.

a) V + ance/ence = N

to assist – assistance

to depend – dependence

resemble, ensure, attend, perform, ignore, exist, appear, refer, enter;

b) V + ant/ent = N

to assist – assistant

to study – student

occupy, participate, correspond, litigate, defend, complain;

c) V + ent/ant = Adj

to resist – resistant

to differ – different

depend, respond, violate, please, persist, compete;

d) em/en + N/Adj = V

em + power = to empower

en + large = to enlarge

force, courage, title, circle, act, rich, able, close, sure.

Ex. 7. Group the words according to their parts of speech: a) nouns, b) verbs, c) adjectives, d) adverbs. Read and translate them.

Specify, distinction, procedural, embattle, embrown, relatively, instance, emotion, enactment, emergence, formally, organize, implementation, prescriptive, violate, strongly, prosecute, natural, appointment, independent, violation, emergent, encamp, widely, encircle, individually, identify, changeable, historically, constitute, democratic, jurisprudence, strengthen, accurately, ensure.

Ex. 8. Find the odd word in each set. Mind affixes and conversion.

1. generalize, regulate, litigate, judge;

2. legislate, violate, separation, administrate;

3. application, enforcement, lawyer, easier;

4. enforce, enable, enter, enlarge;

5. moral, national, criminalistic, profession;

6. apply, relatively, commonly, widely;

7. dependent, different, independence, resistant.

Ex. 9. Study the word formation and complete the sentences.

1. force – enforce –enforcement

1. This body is concerned with rules of conduct involved in ... .

2. The law will come into ... next week. 3. Governments make laws and the police ... them.

2. prison – imprisoned – imprisonment

1. He was sentenced to life … . 2. … is a large building, where people are kept after being found guilty. 3. The offender was … for two years.

3. apply – applied – application

1. This rule has no … to that particular case. 2. The law doesn’t … to this criminal case. 3. The judge … this law at the last trial.

4. litigate – litigation – litigant

1. A person on one side or the other in noncriminal case being decided by a law court is a … . 2. ... is the process of making and defending claims in a court of law. 3. To ... means to take a noncriminal matter to a law court for a decision.

5. appeal – appellate – appellant

1. … against the decision of the district people’s courts may be taken to the next higher court. 2. … is a person who doesn’t agree with the judgement of a law court. 3. … courts review the decisions made by the lower courts.

Ex. 10. Complete the table. Use a dictionary if necessary.

verb	adjective	noun
	disputable
administer
		legality
		criminality
constitute
	regulative
		prescription
	violent
	creative
destroy