2) Complex Subject.

1. We consider him to have alibi. 2. Our country’s laws are known to protect the interests of all the people. 3. The investigator seems to have solved the crime. 4. The police officer wanted the young men to tell the truth. 5. In most countries the police are known to carry guns. 6. The crime was reported to be committed by two young men. 7. The investigator expected the witnesses to give all the information about this accident. 8. Women are reported to make up about 10 per cent of the police force. 9. We believe the prevention of crime to be one of the main missions of our militia. 10. We all know him to have become a highly qualified detective.

The Emphatic Construction (эмфатическая конструкция)

В английском языке можно выделить любой член предложения при помощи оборотов типа it is (was)… who (that, when, where) … . С целью выделения одного из членов предложения простое предложение преобразуется в сложноподчиненное, в котором в качестве грамматического подлежащего главного предложения употребляется слово "it".

Bertillion invented a system called anthropometry. It was Bertillion who invented a system called anthropometry.

Бертилио изобрел систему, которую называют антропометрией. Именно Бертилио изобрел систему, которую называют антропометрией.

В таких предложениях it стоит перед сказуемым, выраженным разными временными формами глагола to be, за которым следует выделенное слово, причем за главным предложением следует определительное придаточное предложение, вводимое союзными словами: who, which, whom, и чаще всего that. При переводе на русский язык it и вводящие слова who, which, whom, that опускаются, и сложное английское предложение передается русским простым, а усиление выражается с помощью усилительных слов: именно, лишь, как раз, это, вот и, которые ставятся в начале предложения, или частиц же, -то, стоящих после выделенного слова.

It was in the lab that I found my friend.

В лабаратории-то я и нашел своего друга.

Ex. 16. Translate the sentences with the emphatic construction.

1. It is our teacher of English who will be able to answer such a question. 2. It is the reading of English books that will help cadets to enlarge their vocabulary. 3. It is my brother’s friend whom I am to meet at the station today. 4. It was this text that we were to translate for the last lesson. 5. It is criminal investigation that is the main function of police work. 6. It was in 1923 when Interpol was established. 7. It is Scotland Yard that is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London (столичная полиция). 8. It is the police who are responsible for controlling offences like speeding.

Vocabulary

Ex. 17. Memorize the active vocabulary.

bail (n)	денежный залог
branch (n)	подразделение, отделение
charge (n)	обвинение
councilor (n)	член совета, советник
custody (n)	охрана, заключение
detention (n)	задержание, арест, содержание под стражей
ground (n)	основание
questioning (n)	допрос
property (n)	имущество, собственность
release (n, v)	освобождение из заключения, освобождать, выпускать на волю
robbery (n)	кража, грабеж
search (n, v)	обыск, обыскивать
suspect (n, v)	подозреваемый, подозревать (smb of smth – кого-либо в чем-либо)
treatment (n)	обращение
warrant (n)	ордер на арест, предписание, основание, правомочие
apprehend (v)	aрестовывать, задерживать
authorize (v)	санкционировать, разрешать
charge with (v)	обвинять, предписывать
catch (v) caught	ловить, поймать, задерживать
comply with (v)	подчиняться (правилам), исполнять
detain (v)	задерживать, арестовывать, содержать под стражей
exceed (v)	превышать, превосходить, преувеличивать
guard (v)	охранять, защищать, стоять на страже
accessible (adj)	доступный
liable (adj)	ответcтвенный (for – за), обязанный (to + inf)
reasonable (adj)	веский, разумный, достаточный
sufficient (adj)	достаточный, обоснованный

Ex. 18. Pay attention to the translation of the following word combi- nations and memorize them.

to issue a warrant	выдавать ордер
to keep law and order	поддерживать правопорядок (закон и порядок)
to assist at accidents	оказывать помощь при дорожно-транспортных происшествиях
liable to disciplinary proceedings	подлежащий ответственности в дисциплинарном порядке
"serious arrestable"	подлежащий усиленному режиму задержания
to charge with the offence	предъявлять обвинение в совершении преступления
to fail to appear in court	уклониться от появления в суде
to be held in custody	находиться под стражей
regular police force	регулярная полиция, регулярные полицейские силы
traffic warden	инспектор дорожного движения

LEXICAL EXCERCISES

Ex. 19. Give the Russian equivalents to the international words.

1. Minister (Secretary), Constable, function, arrest (n, v), regular (adj), grant (n, v), uniform (n), reflect (v), preservation, prevention, administration;

2. police officer, police discipline, special aspect, academic qualification, intensive training, terrorist incidents, airport patrol.

Ex. 20. Match the two columns.

1. to authorise 2. to charge 3. to apprehend 4. to release 5. to catch 6. to suspect 7. to search 8. to comply with

1. освобождать из закдючения 2. обыскивать 3. проверять 4. санкционировать, разрешать 5. подчиняться, исполнять 6. следовать 7. ловить, поймать, задерживать 8. задерживать, арестовывать 9. подозревать 10. регулировать 11. обвинять, предписывать

Ex. 21. Make up word combinations with the verbs above. Translate them into Russian.

A suspect; two offenders; of/with robbery and murder; of/with an offence; carrying guns; criminals and would-be criminals; a person under detention; using weapons; with or without a warrant; of/with committing a serious crime; people and cars; on bail; any rule of codes; a defendant in the court.

Ex. 22. Match adjectives with nouns and translate them.

1. personal, governmental, private 2. serious, reasonable, sufficient 3. minor, less serious, arrestable 4. new, disciplinary, strict

1. regulation 2. offence 3. property 4. grounds

Ex. 23. Find the word/word combination with the most general meaning in each section.

1. Chief Inspector, rank, Sergeant, Constable;

2. murder, theft, crime, kidnapping;

3. detention, search, arrest, police power.

Ex. 24. Translate the following attributive groups.

1. Police policy; police work; police powers; law preservation; life protection; crime prevention; crime detection;

2. certain specialist units; local county councilors; separate police force; criminal investigation department; police force operation.

Ex. 25. Arrange the synonyms in pairs. Mind! Several variants are possible.

1. powers 2. to apprehend 3. an imprisonment 4. an accusation 5. to guard 6. essential 7. unreasonable (search) 8. reasonable (grounds) 9. a robbery 10. responsible

1. a burglary 2. a charge 3. authorities 4. basic 5. unwarranted 6. to arrest 7. sufficient 8. liable, answerable 9. a custody 10. to protect 11. to detain 12. a theft 13. to safeguard 14. duties

Ex. 26. Match the meaning (A) with the correct word (B).

A B

1. the state of being guarded by police 2. an official statement saying that someone is responsible for a crime 3. a crime of taking someone else’s property 4. a written order signed by an official of law allowing the police to take certain action 5. an act of breaking the law 6. a crime of killing a person 7. an act of taking (someone) illegally and by force to demand money for their safe return 8. a British police officer of the lowest rank

1. warrant 2. offence 3. constable 4. murder 5. kidnapping 6. charge 7. custody 8. robbery

Ex . 27*. Match the two columns.

a)

1. investigative detention 2. house of detention 3. pre-trial detention 4. preventive detention

1. предварительное заключение, содержание под стражей до суда 2. превентивное тюремное заключение 3. камера предварительного заключения 4. задержание в интересах следствия

b)

1. body search 2. unreasonable search 3. search warrant 4. unwarranted search and seizure

1. ордер на обыск 2. незаконный/необоснованный обыск 3. личный обыск/досмотр 4. незаконный обыск с конфискацией

c)

1. release for lack of evidence 2. release from punishment 3. release on bail 4. pre-trial release 5. conditional release

1. освобождение под залог 2. освобождение из под-стражи до рассмотрения дела в суде 3. освобождение от наказания 4. условное освобождение 5. освобождение (от ответственности) за отсутствием доказательств

Ex. 28. Make up word combinations and translate them.

to comply with	~ government law; ~ strict rule; ~ police regulation;
to be charged with	~ murder and robbery; ~ stealing the car; ~ in connection with the theft;
to release	~ absolutely; ~ during trial; ~ early; ~ finally; ~ on bail;
to search	~ a house; ~ people and cars; ~ with or without a warrant; ~ with a warrant issued by a court;
to involve	~ functions of the Ministers; ~ the police powers; ~ administration and operation of the police; ~ protection of life and property.

Ex. 29. State the part of speech of the words in bold and translate the sentences.

1. A criminal investigation department is responsible for the detection of crime. One of the main police’s functions is arresting criminals.

2. The majority of the police officers in uniform are on patrol. Special officers who patrol airports may carry weapons.

3. A lot of people help police. Most of the police officers in uniform are visible to the public needed effective help.

4. There is a separate police force for each of 52 areas. The teacher separated cadets into two groups.

5. Governments try to provide social support for law and order. To support law and order is of great importance.

6. He ordered to arrest a suspect for a serious offence. They suspect him of committing a murder. The prisoners often murder guards during the escape.

7. The officer must record what was found. Police officer must make detailed record.

Ex. 30. Fill in the blanks with the words, word combinations given bellow.

1. The essential responsibility of the police is the preservation … throughout the country.

2. A criminal investigation department is primarily responsible for … of crime and bringing offenders to justice.

3. There are certain specialist units to help the regular police force in situations, such as …, etc.

4. Britain has no national police force, although … is governed by the central Government’s Home Office.

5. The duties of the police are varied, but one of their main functions is … criminals.

6. Governments use police forces to investigate crimes and … criminals.

7. The officer must state and … for searching people or cars.

8. The powers of a police officer in Britain are to stop and search, arrest and place a person under … .

9. A person suspected of committing a serious offence can … up to 96 hours without charge.

10. The length of time a suspect is held … before charge is strictly regulated.

1. armed robberies; 2. to apprehend; 3. police policy; 4. the detection; 5. be detained for; 6. catch; 7. record the grounds; 8. in police custody; 9. of law and order; 10. detention.

Ex. 31.*! It’s interesting to know. Look up the unknown words and translate the text.

The word POLICE is an abbreviation where P is for "polite", O stands for "obedient", L is for "loyal", I is for "impartial", C is for "careful" and E stands for "efficient".

READING