3. Придаточные предложения, определите их тип;

4. предложения, содержащие слова "that", "it", определите функцию этих слов;

5. причастия I и II, определите их функцию.

Speech practice

Ex. 39. Be ready to discuss the topic by doing the following tasks.

Task 1. Answer the questions on the text.

1. What does the word "law" mean?

2. What do prescriptive laws regulate?

3. What is the difference between a custom and a law?

4. What is the aim of government-made laws?

5. The legal system of England and Wales is the oldest one, isn’t it?

6. What has the English law influenced?

7. What are the main traditions of law?

8. What have Continental systems of law resulted from?

9. How can be the law classified?

10. What does the term "common law" mean?

11. What do common and civil laws differ in?

12. What is law of equity used for?

13. What do the criminal and civil laws regulate?

14. What laws are procedural ones?

Task 2. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. The word "law" means various forms of behavior.

2. Some laws are descriptive: they describe how people usually behave.

3. The oldest law system in the world is the legal system of the United States.

4. Australia and Canada had a great influence on the English law.

5. Each country in the world has its own legal system.

6. English Common law has resulted from Continental law and Roman law.

7. Japan, being isolated from the Continent, wasn’t influenced by any of the world traditions of law.

8. The law can be divided into common law, administrative law, consti tutional law, etc.

9. Common law is the law used only in the definite district of the country.

10. Law of equity is based on precedents and civil codes.

11. The criminal law deals with the relationships between the individuals or bodies.

12. The police always investigate only civil cases.

13. Procedural law specifies what procedures can be used in a trial.

Task. 3. Fill in the blanks.

1. Law may be defined as a code of ... for the people in a given ... .

2. The laws made by the government are to ... the people’s activities and to ... justice. 3. Each country in the world has its own ... . 4. There are two main traditions of ... in the world. 5. One of them is based on ..., the other on ... . 6. Japan’s legal system was influenced by ... . 7. There are many kinds of law: ... . 8. The term "common law" means the law which is common to the whole country in contrast to ... . 9. Laws, which determine what procedures can be used in a trial are ... laws. 10. ... is concerned with all rulles of conduct except those involved in enforcement.

Task 4. Compress the sentences as much as possible.

1. The aim of government-made laws of one country which often differ from the laws of another country is social control and implementation of justice.

2. One of two main traditions of law in the world is based on English Common Law, and has been adopted by many Commonwealth countries and most of the United States, and the other tradition, sometimes known as Continental, or Roman law, has developed in most of continental Europe, Latin America and many countries in Asia and Africa which have been strongly influenced by Europe.

3. Law of equity is the application of principles of justice outside common law or statute law, which are used to correct laws when these laws would apply unfairly in special circumstances.

Task 5. Match the two columns and give your opinion to the sentences made up using the following expressions:

It is well known, that …; To my mind …; That`s why …; As far as I know …; As far as I remember …; I do know that … .

Model: It is well known, that the word "law" means various form of behaviour.

1. The word "law" means ... 2. Prescriptive laws prescribe ... 3. Customs are ... 4. The aim of government-made laws is ... 5. The modern law is ... 6. The oldest system of law in the world is ... 7. The law of former British colonies was influenced by ... 8. Each country in the world has ... 9. One of two traditions of law is based on ... 10. Continental law has developed in ... 11. The law can be divided into... 12. Law of equity is ... 13. The criminal law deals with ... 14. The civil law regulates ... 15. Procedural law concerns ...

1. ... informal rules of social and moral behaviour. 2. ... the legal system of England and Wales. 3. ... its own system of law. 4. ... the methods of enforcing legal rights and duties. 5. ... a complex of different and independent national system. 6. ... most of continental Europe, Latin America and other countries. 7. ... the relationship between individuals. 8. ... social control and the implementation of justice. 9. ... legal relationships between the state and individuals. 10. ... English law. 11. ... English Common Law. 12. ... various form of behaviour. 13. ... the application of principles of justice used to correct laws. 14. ... common law, civil law, criminal law, constitutional law etc. 15. ... the behaviour of people.

Scanning/skimming reading

Ex. 40. Look through Text B and do the tasks given below.

Task 1. Guess the meaning of the following word combinations.

1. dual court system, 2. in particular cases, 3. administrative tribunals, 4. professional standards, 5. federal principles, 6. exclusive authority/right, 7. breaking state laws, 8. like a pyramid, 9. the primary function, 10. to interpret the law, 11. to assign justices, 12. public sessions and private conferences, 13. disputes between individuals and government departments.

Task 2. Pick out phrases or sentences, which you think are the most informative or the most interesting ones.