The Pronouns (местоимения)

Местоимение – часть речи, которая употребляется вместо имени существительного.

Личные местоимения в именительном падеже выполняют функцию подлежащего: "My father is a worker. He works at the plant." Личные местоимения в объектном падеже выполняют функцию дополнения (кого? чего? что? кому? чему? кем? чем?)

Личные местоимения (обособленные или после глагола "to be") ставятся в объектном падеже: "Who is it?" – "It is me." – Кто это? – Это я. (Сравните: "I am a first-year cadet.")

Притяжательные местоимения в простой форме всегда употребляются перед существительными. После притяжательных местоимений в абсолютной форме существительные никогда не ставятся, поскольку сами употребляются вместо существительных. (Сравните: "What is your friend? – My friend is a cadet." "Whose book is it? –It is my book. = It is mine.")

Возвратные местоимения соответствуют в русском языке частице -ся / -сь – (Сравните: She hurt herself. – Она ушиблась), возвратному местоимению "себя", "себе", "собой" – (Сравните: I am not pleased with myself. – Я недоволен собой.) и также употребляются для усиления значения "сам", "сама", "само", "сами" – (He always does it himself. – Он всегда это делает сам).

Личные		Притяжательные		Возвратные/ Усилительные
именительный падеж	объектный падеж	простая форма	абсолютная (без сущ-ных)
I you he she it	me you him her it	my your his her its	mine yours his hers its	myself yourself himself herself itself
we you they	us you them	our your their	ours yours theirs	ourselves yourselves themselves

Ex. 11. Substitute the words in bold by personal pronouns.

1. My friend always writes a lot of letters. 2. Mary works as a teacher of English. 3. My grandfather and grandmother are coming tomorrow. 4. My friends always ask Pete to help. 5. His sister takes five exams twice a year. 6. Her father is a serviceman. 7. Parents often visit cadets at the Academy. 8. Life at the military Academy is busy and difficult. 9. My friend and I always go to the library on weekdays. 10. Our home assignment is very difficult today.

Ex. 12. Choose the correct form of the pronouns.

1. We often see (he, him) after the lessons. 2. Do your friends write (your, you) a lot of letters? 3. My friend and (me, I) are cadets on duty, and our commander is going to inspect (us, we). 4. They are new cadets and (me, I) don’t know (they, them). 5. I don’t meet (her, she) very often, because (we, us) are very busy now. 6. I like to speak with (you, your), because you always tell (I, me) interesting stories. 7. Helen has left the textbook at home. Who can help (she, her)? 8. He is good at English and (me, I) often ask (him, he) to help.

Ex. 13. Use the proper pronouns.

1. I have left (свой) dictionary. May I take (твой)? 2. (Его) parents often visit him. 3. Is this (твой) textbook? – No, it isn’t (мой), it is (ее). 4. (Наши) tests and (ваши) tests are very difficult. 5. Whose texts are these? – This text is (наш) and that text is (ваш). 6. (Ее) parents often buy her English books. But she often reads (мои). 7. Is (твой) friend a first-year cadet? – Oh, no (мой) friend is a second-year cadet.

Ex. 14. Complete the sentences with the correct pronouns.

1. I usually practice English … . 2. Cadet Ivanov, you must answer the question … . 3. She dislikes to speak about … . 4. My brother wants to do it … . 5. There are a lot of mistakes in spelling, but the story … is good. 6. We always translate English texts … . 7. Comrades, you must prepare for a dictation … . 8. Cadets practice drill … .

Ex. 15. Translate the pronouns in brackets.

1. (Я) often meet (его) in the sport center. 2. (Его) friends are also the friends of (мои). 3. (Мы) always spend (свое) free time with (ними). 4. (Наша) Academy consists of many buildings. (Они) are classrooms, mess, barracks, etc. 5. (Они) respect (своего) commander. 6. (Мои) friends often write letters to (своим) parents. 7. (Ваша) Academy is unique. (Она) has a long history. 8. (Я) have no dictionary. Can (ты) give (мне) (свой)?