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§ 1. Предлоги с существительными надо употреблять правильно, если вы хо­тите правильно понять ситуацию.

  • In the end — наконец, результат ситуации, at the end — в конце; то, когда происходит ситуация.

At the end of the work we got the results and in the end we understood that the solution of our problem was very easy.

VOn time — пунктуально, не поздно, in time — достаточно быстро для чего-то, чтобы сделать что-то.

We hope to obtain the results on time. We hope to get your remarks in time to debug the program.

Более того, есть существительные, которые требуют совершенно определен­ных предлогов, и их лучше замечать и заучивать, внимательно читая любой анг­лийский текст.

Предлоги после существительного:

An advantage/disadvantage of

The advantages of our software are much greater than its weak points. An answer to

I don’t know the answer to the question.

An attitude to/towards

My attitude to such a way of working is negative.

A cause of

Nobody knows the cause of such behavior.

A cheque for

To finish the work we need a cheque for $1000.

Damage to

The damage to the program would be great.

A demand /need for

There is a demand for such programs and we ’ll fulfil it.

A decrease/increase in

There is a constant increase in the need for such programs.

A fall/rise in

A fall in our work is quite understandable.

An invitation to

We won’t be invited to the party.

A key to

A key to the problem was lost.

A photograph/picture of

I like to have photographs of my family on my desk.

A reaction to

We can't predict the reaction to the thing done for the first time.

A reason for

There was no reason for delaying the start of the experiment.

A relationship/ connection/contact with

We can’t but stop the work in connection with this problem.

We must have a good relationship with our partners.

A relationship/ connection/contact/difference between (two things) There is no connection between the problem and the work.

There is some difference between these problems.

A reply to

I’ll explain the reason in my reply to your letter.

A solution to

Can you find a solution to the problem?

Предлоги перед существительным:

(То do) by accident

It was by accident.

(To have) for breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper What do you like to eat for breakfast?

(To be) on a business/holiday/trip/tour/excursion/cruise/expedition I am on business trip here in London.

(To do) by chance

Many discoveries are known to be made by chance.

(To pay) by cheque/ to pay (in) cash

Did you pay by cheque for your computer or did you pay cash?

(To be) on a diet

I’ll have to go on a diet (To go) for a drink/walk/swim

Let s have a break and go for a drink.

(To be) on fire

Don’t be in a hurry with the program. The building’s not on fire.

(To be/to fall) in love with

I can tell you that I am really in love with computers.

(To do) by mistake

I’m sorry, I’ve done it by mistake.

In (my) opinion

In his opinion the work wasn’t done well.

(Done) by somebody

The Microsoft was created by Bill Gates.

(To be) on strike

Why aren’t you working? Are you on strike?

(To be) on the telephone/phone

I can be reached on only the phone.

On television/radio

I don’t like to listen to the news on radio, I prefer to watch it on TV.

Упражнение 1. Для тренировки переведите все предложения-примеры. Они несложные.

§ 2. Знать точное значение предлогов важно и для перевода собственно суще­ствительных. Словосочетания с предлогами могут создавать новые существитель­ные (правда, и не только существительные), которые могут использоваться самосто­ятельно или предшествовать другому существительному. А язык вычислительной техники просто обожает создавать сложные слова (input/output, in-out). Слова эти, как правило, пишутся через дефис.

an out-of-date hat — немодная шляпа an out-of-date program — несовременная программа

an off-the-cuff remark — неподготовленное замечание an off-the-cuff speech — импровизированная речь

Упражнение 2. Переведите:

Up-grade; up-counter; up-date; up-loading; up-time; upward-compatible; on-line; on-off; on-parameter; on-position; on-site; on-the-fly; off-line; off-peak; off-punch; off-the-shelf; in-symbol; in-plant; in-gate; in-house.

Лексика и чтение

Список слов к текстам урока

Memorize the words to the texts.

Прочтите вслух и допишите перевод однокоренных слов, используя знание суффиксов.

to implement выполнять, осуществлять