Text 43

Переведите текст, выделяя инфинитив. Повторите § 38 (о притяжательной форме существительных). Используйте Блок 58 (as).

Some thoughts on creativity

Any individual can acquire the tools of a trade. As he learns to use these tools he becomes technically competent.

The ability to create exists in every individual in varying degree and according to inclination. The domains where one may exert his effort are sufficiently varied to offer each individual an opportunity to exhibit originality. The growth of mental potentialities through experimentation with the creative process broadens the individual's capacity of original contribution.

The techniques previously studied in this book are auxiliary tools. To employ these tools successfully requires not only creative ability but also an environment conducive to the generation and development of new ideas. It is generally understood that severe regimentation stifles creative talent. This, of course, is not to say that there should be no goals, no objectives. Goals and objectives are sometimes necessary to express the creativity. When they are not apparent, they are intrinsically present. However, new fields of knowledge are frequently opened and explored as a result of the revolt of creative individuals against regimentation. One need not labour this point in order to arrive at the conclusion that even in fields of practical endeavor a compromise is required to provide an atmosphere sympathetic to both applied and basic research. Today both government and industry have become acutely aware of such a need and here and there have set out to create an atmosphere conducive to the generation of ideas.

КОММЕНТАРИЙ К ТЕКСТУ

this is not to say — это не значит, (что)

sometimes — сочетание двух слов some и time имеет разные формы написания, а, значит, и разный смысл:

some time — некоторое время

sometime — когда-нибудь, когда-то, некогда; бывший, прежний (a sometime student — бывший студент)

sometimes — иногда, по временам

apparent [ə'pærənt] — видимый (apparent to the naked eye — видимый невооруженным глазом), явный, очевидный, несомненный

intrinsic [in'trɪnsɪk] — внутренний, присущий, свойственный (intrinsic value — внутренняя ценность)

to labour a point — глубоко вникать в вопрос

to set out — начать

Text 44

Переведите текст, выделяя модальные глаголы, за которыми следует инфинитив в перфектной форме.

Design for decision

Throughout this book I must have been critical of people who produce beautiful thoughts with little or no data behind them. Some readers may have felt that the decision-maker is a cold-hearted, even grim, method of making decisions. These readers might admit that a machine may be all right for making the scientific decisions or even commercial decisions, but they may have felt that Statistical Decision had no place in their world, that it is meaningless insofar as personal, governmental, or international decisions are concerned.

I disagree with this point of view. I think that Statistical Decision must have played a useful role in a wider class of decisions which have a direct influence on all of us.

I certainly do not consider Statistical Decision to be a panacea. It is one method among many methods of reaching decisions. It is not necessarily the best method; there are situations in which intuitive procedures lead to more effective decisions than any existing Decision-Maker. In fact I think that most people must have already used many of the principles in making their decisions. You may have felt that such concepts as mathematical expectations were new and unfamiliar. However, I am sure that you have had to make decisions on the basis of expectations, when you have had to combine probabilities and desirabilities (though you may not have used these names).

КОММЕНТАРИЙ К ТЕКСТУ

decision-maker — зд. принятие решения с использованием ЭВМ. Основное значение: человек, принимающий решения