Text 49

Переведите текст, уделяя особое внимание сослагательному наклонению. Повторите материал о словообразовании (§ 31).

The key to open-mindedness

When we really understand the significance of the fact that we don't know all about anything, it is easy to acquire habits of open-mindedness.

For instance, if you did know all about something, there would be no sense in keeping an open mind. There would be no need to listen to what anyone else had to tell you or to keep your eyes open in surveying the territory. Nothing would be new to you. Everything you planned would work out perfectly because your knowledge would be complete and have complete predictability! You would be justified in refusing to listen to what others had to say, and you could forever renounce surveying the territory for new or different ideas.

We have all heard speeches on the desirability and the necessity of keeping open minds — but we are seldom told how to do it. The way to get and keep an open mind is to repeat to yourself, "I can't know all about anything. No one else knows all about anything. Therefore, I have no right to close my mind. I must watch for important facts that may have been overlooked. Some hidden factors may be found that will help me make my knowledge adequate."

Text 50

Переведите текст, уделяя особое внимание сослагательному наклонению. Повторите материал о трех ing-формах (§ 85).

An expert system in education

The computer provides one means of facilitating educational diagnosis within the regular school environment. An expert system could be developed to guide the classroom teacher and/or resource person through the various stages of diagnosing learning disabilities from the initial screening to a prescription. At each step the expert system would analyze the available data and suggest an appropriate next step. It could request information regarding the child's developmental history or academic skills. The administration of a particular standardized test may be advised, or it might recommend further assessment of a skill or ability not within its domain of expertise. This might include consultation with a specialist or a reference to an outside agency.

The teacher or diagnostician would perform the required task, such as obtaining the requested data, or administering the appropriate test, and would supply this information to the system. After this new data had been assimilated and analyzed, the system would propose the next step, and so on. Eventually, the system would provide a summary of its diagnostic findings along with a prescription, including appropriate remedial activities and instructional techniques.

КОММЕНТАРИЙ К ТЕКСТУ

and/or — такое сочетание двух союзов очень характерно для научных и технических текстов, и используется оно в тех случаях, когда есть д в а явления, условия, предмета, и вы можете использовать одно или другое, или оба вместе. При переводе, использовав союз или между двумя приведенными явлениями, в конце фразы следует добавить: или то и другое вместе. Например: We may use our and/or their method — Мы можем использовать наш или их метод, или тот и другой вместе

administration [əd,mɪnɪs'treɪʃən] — основное значение администрация. Запомните другие значения: отправление (правосудия), назначение или прием (например, лекарства). Глаголы: to administer — управлять, вести (дела), отправлять (правосудие), назначать, давать (лекарство); to administrate (амер.) — управлять, контролировать