Заключение

Основным механизмом активации выработки и секреции гормонов мозговым слоем надпочечников является стимуляция со стороны нервной системы. Пептид F представляет собой энкефалинсодержащий пептид, который секретируют аффинные клетки мозгового слоя надпочечников. Показано, что секреция пептида F происходит вместе с адреналином во время занятий физическими упражнениями (Kraemer et al., 1985а, 1985b, 1987, 1988, 1990а, 1991, 1992; Bush et al., 1998, 2006; Triplett-McBride, 1998). В то же время секреция этих двух веществ во время и после занятий физическими упражнениями может иметь различный характер (Kraemer et al., 1985b, 1990a, 1991). Следует отметить, что характер секреции пептида F во время и после интенсивной физической нагрузки отличается также у мужчин с различным уровнем физической подготовленности (Kraemer et al., 1985а, 1985b). Биологические функции пептида F в большинстве своем остаются неизвестными, однако установлено, что пептид F может оказывать позитивное влияние на активацию и функции Т-клеток иммунной системы (Hiddinga et al., 1994). Он способствует активации Т-хелперов in vitro и, следовательно, может опосредованно стимулировать увеличение выработки антител В-клетками (Hiddinga et al., 1994). Вместе с тем эти эффекты еще не исследованы in vivo. Мы только начинаем приближаться к осознанию сложности и глубины взаимодействия эндокринной и иммунной систем. Некоторые исследователи предпринимали попытки изучения взаимной регуляции этих систем (Stein et al., 1985; Bateman et al., 1989). Было показано, что Т-клетки имеют рецепторы к энкефалинам (Wybran et al., 1979) и, очевидно, имеют специфические рецепторы пептида F (Hiddinga et al., 1994). Кроме того, было продемонстрировано, что Т-клетки могут синтезировать и секретировать небольшие энкефалинсодержащие пептиды для ауторегуляции собственной функции (Blalock, 1992). Таким образом, вполне возможно, что одна из главных ролей пептида F заключается в стимуляции функции иммунных клеток, направленной на противодействие и уравновешивание подавляющих эффектов других эндокринных гормонов, таких, как кортизол и адреналин. В то время как модуляция содержания эндогенного пептида F может оказывать влияние на различные ткани-мишени, то механизмы регуляции функции мозгового слоя надпочечников, и прежде всего концентрация пептида F, имеет непосредственное отношение к реакции на стресс (физические упражнения).

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