Заключение

У мужчин во время выполнения силовых упражнений наблюдается повышение уровня тестостерона в крови. Характер этих изменений зависит от ряда факторов, в числе которых наиболее важное значение имеет приложение значительной мышечной силы или мощности на протяжении достаточно долгого времени (> 10—15 мин) при условии относительно непродолжительных перерывов для отдыха. В случае непродолжительных занятий силовыми упражнениями быстрое увеличение концентрации тестостерона обусловлено преимущественно гемоконцентрацией. После занятий силовыми упражнениями на поздних этапах восстановления может происходить вторичное увеличение уровня тестостерона, которое сопровождается увеличением его специфического связывания с рецепторами андрогенов в мышечных волокнах. Силовые упражнения, а возможно, и упражнения для тренировки мощности, стимулируют образование рецепторов андрогенов преимущественно в быстрых волокнах. Наиболее важным адаптивным эффектом тестостерона является индукция синтеза сократительных белков главным образом в быстрых волокнах. В основе этого эффекта лежит формирование комплекса тестостерон—рецептор и его влияние на геном. Поздний период восстановления после занятий силовыми упражнениями — это время реализации адаптивного синтеза белка, индуцированного тестостероном. Анаболический эффект, инициированный тестостероном, превращение миофибрилляриых белков (образование соответствующих мРНК) поддерживаются влиянием соматотропина и ростовых факторов на процесс передачи импульсов.

Воздействие тестостерона на показатели мышечного сокращения может осуществляться также и без участия рецепторов андрогенов. Эффект предподготовки, который является результатом такого воздействия, по-прежнему остается на уровне предположения и требует дальнейших систематических исследований.

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